The Project Gutenberg EBook of Thirty Indian Legends, by Margaret Bemister

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org


Title: Thirty Indian Legends

Author: Margaret Bemister

Release Date: April 2, 2008 [EBook #24978]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ASCII

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THIRTY INDIAN LEGENDS ***




Produced by Al Haines










[Frontispiece: THE WINDMAKER]




_MACMILLAN'S LAKESIDE SERIES_



THIRTY INDIAN LEGENDS


BY

MARGARET BEMISTER




TORONTO

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD.

1917




COPYRIGHT, CANADA, 1912, BY

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD.




PREFACE

For the most part the legends here told are drawn from original
sources.  Many of the stories are printed for the first time; others
have been adapted from well-known authorities.  The author wishes to
acknowledge in this latter connection help received from the
collection, "The Indian in his Wigwam."  Thanks are also due to Mr. G.
H. Dunn, St. Andrew's Locks, Manitoba, for the "Sleep Fairies"; to Mr.
C. Linklater, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, for the "Adventures of
Wesakchak"; to Mr. J. S. Logie, Summerland, British Columbia, for "The
Chief's Bride"; to the Okanagan chief, Antowyne, for the other Okanagan
legends; and to a paper read before the Royal Society of Canada by Mr.
G. M. Dawson, for "The Old Stump."

The last story in the book, "A Battle with the Sioux," although not a
legend of the Indians, has been inserted as a true picture of Indian
life and customs, and an interesting account of their contact with and
relation to the white men.

WINNIPEG, CANADA,

September 15, 1912.




CONTENTS


  THE GIANT BEAR
  THE SUMMER MAKER
  THE SLEEP FAIRIES
  SHINGEBISS
  THE QUEER LITTLE ANIMAL
  THE DORMOUSE
  THE WINDMAKER
  MOOWIS
  THE DAUGHTERS OF THE STAR
  KOTO AND THE BIRD
  THE HUMPBACKED MANITOU
  THE TRIBE THAT GREW OUT OF A SHELL
  THE STORY OF THE INDIAN CORN
  THE MAGICIAN OF LAKE HURON
  THE FAIRIES' CLIFF
  THE STONE CANOE
  THE WHITE FEATHER
  THE LONE LIGHTNING
  THE ENCHANTED MOCCASINS
  THE FIVE WATER-SPIRITS
  THE CANOE BREAKER
  THE OLD STUMP
  THE CLIFF OF SINIKIELT
  THE STRANGE DREAM
  BIG CHIEF'S CONQUEST
  THE RED SWAN
  THE WHISPERING GRASS
  THE LEGEND OF MACKINAC ISLAND

  THE ADVENTURES OF WESAKCHAK
     I. THE WONDERFUL BALL
    II. A WONDERFUL JOURNEY
   III. THE GRAY GOOSE
    IV. LITTLE BROTHER RABBIT
     V. THE BALD-HEADED EAGLES

  A BATTLE WITH THE SIOUX

  PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY




THIRTY INDIAN LEGENDS


THE GIANT BEAR

In the far north there was a village where many warlike Indians lived.
In one family there were ten brothers, all brave and fearless.  In the
spring of the year the youngest brother blackened his face and fasted
for several days.  Then he sent for his nine brothers and said to them:

"I have fasted and dreamed, and my dreams are good.  Will you come on a
war journey with me?"

"Yes," they all said readily.

"Then tell no one, not even your wives, of our plan."  They agreed to
meet on a certain night so that no one should see them go.  One brother
was named Mudjekeewis, and he was very odd.  He was the first to
promise that he would not tell.  The next two days were spent in
preparations for the journey.  Mudjekeewis told his wife many times to
get his moccasins for him.

"And hurry." he said; "do hurry."

"Why do you want them?" she asked.  "You have a good pair on."

"Well, if you must know, we are going on a war journey," he answered.

When the night had come which the leader had named, they met at his
wigwam and set out on their long journey.  The snow lay on the ground,
and the night was very dark.

After they had travelled some miles, the leader gathered some snow and
made it into a ball.  He threw it in the air and said, as it fell, "It
was thus I saw the snow fall in my dreams to cover our footmarks, so
that no one may follow us."

The snow began to fall heavily and continued for two days.  It was so
thick that they could scarcely see each other, though they walked very
closely together.

The leader cheered his brothers by telling them they would win in their
battle.  At this Mudjekeewis, who was walking behind, ran forward.  He
swung his war-club in the air and uttered the war-cry.  Then bringing
his war-club down, he struck a tree, and it fell as if hit by lightning.

"See, brothers," he said, "this is the way I shall serve our enemy."

"Hush, Mudjekeewis," said the leader.  "He whom we are going to fight
cannot be treated so lightly."

Then they travelled on for several days, until at last they reached the
borders of the White Plain, where the bones of men lay bleaching.

"These are the bones of men who have gone before us.  No one has ever
returned to tell of their sad fate."  Mudjekeewis looked frightened at
this and thought, "I wonder who this terrible enemy is."

"Be not afraid, my brothers," said the leader.  Mudjekeewis then took
courage, again jumped forward, and uttering the war-cry, brought his
warclub down on a small rock, and split it into pieces.  "See, I am not
afraid," he cried.  "Thus shall I serve my enemy."  But the leader
still pressed onward over the plain, until at last a small rise in the
ground brought them in sight of the enemy.  Some distance away, on the
top of the mountain, a giant bear lay sleeping.

"Look, brothers," said the leader.  "There is the mighty enemy, for he
is a Manitou.[1]  But come now, we need not fear, as he is asleep.
Around his neck he has the precious wampum,[2] which we must take from
him."

They advanced slowly and quietly.  The huge animal did not hear them.
Around his neck was a belt which contained the wampum.

"Now we must take this off," said the youngest brother.  One after the
other tried, but could not do it, until the next to the youngest tried.
He pulled it nearly over the bear's head.  Then came the turn of the
youngest, and he pulled it the rest of the way.  He put the belt
quickly on the back of the oldest brother.

"Now we must run," said the leader, "for when he awakens, he will miss
his belt."

They all hastened away.  The wampum was very heavy, so they had to take
turns in carrying it.  They kept looking back as they ran, and had
almost reached the edge of the plain before the bear awoke.  He slowly
rose to his feet and stood for a moment before he noticed that the belt
was gone.  Then he uttered a roar that reached to the skies.

"Who has dared to steal my belt?" he roared.  "Earth is not so large
but that I shall find him."

Saying this, he jumped from the mountain, and the earth shook with his
weight.  Then with powerful strides he rushed in pursuit of the
brothers.

They had passed all the bones now and were becoming very tired.

"Brothers," said the leader, "I dreamed that when we were hard pressed
and running for our lives, we saw a lodge where an old man lived, and
he helped us.  I hope my dream will come true."

Just then they saw, a short distance away, a lodge with smoke curling
from the top.  They ran to it, and an old man opened the door.

"Grandfather," they gasped, "will you save us?  A Manitou is after us."

"Who is a Manitou but I?" said he.  "Come in and eat."  They entered
the lodge and he gave them food.  Then, opening the door, he looked out
and saw the bear coming with great strides.  Shutting the door, he
said, "He is indeed a mighty Manitou and will take my life; but you
asked for my help and I shall give it.  When he comes, you run out of
the back door."

Going to a bag which hung from a tree, he took out two small, black,
dogs.  He patted the sides of the dogs, and they began to swell until
they filled the doorway.  The dogs had strong, white teeth and growled
fiercely.  The bear had now reached the door, and with one bound the
first dog leaped out, followed by the second.  The brothers ran out of
the back of the lodge.  They could hear the howls of the animals as
they fought, and looking back, they saw first one dog killed, then the
other, and at last the shrieks of the old man came to them as the bear
tore him in pieces.  They doubled their speed now, as they saw the bear
beginning to follow them again.  The food they had eaten gave them new
strength, so they were able to run very swiftly for a time.   But at
last they all felt their strength fail again, for the bear was close
behind them now.

"Brothers, I had another dream," said the leader.  "It was that an old
Manitou saved us.  Perhaps his lodge is near us now."

Even as he spoke, they came in sight of another lodge, and as they ran
up to the door an old man opened it.

"Save us from the Manitou," they cried as they rushed in.

"Manitou?" he said.  "Who is a Manitou but I?  Come in and eat," and he
closed the door.  He brought food for them; then he looked out of the
door.  The bear was only a few yards away now.  Hastily closing the
door, he said, "This is indeed a mighty Manitou.  You have brought
trouble to me, my children; but you run out the back way and I shall
fight him."

He then went to his medicine sack and drew out two war-clubs of black
stone.  As he handled them they grew to an immense size.  He opened the
door, and as he did so, the brothers ran out the back way.  They could
hear the blows like claps of thunder as he hit the bear on the head.
After that came two sharp cracks, and they knew the clubs were broken
with the force of the blows.  Then came his shrieks, as he met the fate
of the first old man.  They tried to run faster than ever now, for they
knew the bear must be after them again, but their strength was nearly
gone.

"Oh, brother," they asked, "have you no other dream to help us?"

"Yes, I dreamed, when we were running like this, that we came to a lake
and on the shore of it was a canoe with ten paddles in it waiting for
us.  We jumped in and were saved."

As he spoke, there appeared in front of them a lake just as he had
dreamed, and a canoe waiting.  Getting in, they quickly paddled to the
middle of the lake, and waited to see what the bear would do.

He came on with his slow, powerful strides until he reached the water's
edge.  Then, rising on his hind legs, he took a look around.  Dropping
down, he waded into the water, but slipped and nearly fell.  He waded
out and began to walk around the lake.  When he reached the spot he had
started from, he bent down his head and began to drink the waters of
the lake.  He drank in such large mouthfuls that the brothers could see
the water sinking, and the current began to flow so swiftly towards his
mouth that they could not keep their canoe steady.  It floated in the
current straight to him.

"Now, Mudjekeewis," said the leader, "this is your chance to show us
how you would treat your enemy."

"I shall show you and him," said Mudjekeewis.  Then, as the canoe came
near the big mouth, he stood up and levelled his war-club.  Just as the
boat touched the bear's teeth, Mudjekeewis uttered the war-cry and
dealt the animal a mighty blow on the head.  This he repeated, and the
bear fell stunned.  As the animal fell, he disgorged the water with
such force that it sent the canoe spinning to the other side of the
lake, where the brothers landed and ran ahead as fast as they could.
They had not gone far when they could hear the bear coming behind them.

"Do not be afraid, brothers," said the leader, as he noticed how
frightened they all looked.  "I have one more dream.  If it fails us,
we are lost, but let us hope that it will come true.  I dreamed we were
running, and we came to a lodge out of which came a young maiden.  Her
brother was a Manitou and by his magic she saved us.  Run on and fear
not, else your limbs will be fear-bound.  Look for his lodge."

And sure enough, behind a little clump of trees, stood a lodge.  As
they ran to it a maiden came forth and invited them in.

"Enter," she said, "and rest.  I shall meet the bear, and when I need
you, I shall call you."

Saying this, she took down a medicine-sack, which was hanging on the
wall near the door.  They entered, and she walked out to meet the bear.
The animal came up with angry growls and swinging strides.  The maiden
quickly opened the medicine-sack and took out some war feathers, paint,
and tufts of hair.

As the bear came up, the girl tossed them up in the air, saying,
"Behold, these are the magic arrows of my dead brother.  These are the
magic war paints of my dead brother.  This is the eagle's feather of my
dead brother, and these are the tufts of hair of wild animals he has
killed."

As she said these words and the things fell on the ground near the
animal, he tottered and fell.  She called the brothers, and they rushed
out.

"Cut him into pieces quickly," she said, "or he will come to life
again."

They all set to work and cut the huge animal into small pieces, which
they tossed away.  When they had finished, they saw, to their surprise,
that these pieces had turned into small, black bears, which had jumped
up and were running away in every direction.  And it is from these
bears that the bears called the Makwas had their beginning.



[1] A manitou is the spirit of an Indian who has been killed.  Manitous
often take the forms of animals when they come back to life.

[2] Wampum; long, narrow beads, sometimes made of shells.  They were
usually blue and white and were often woven into a belt.  They were
greatly treasured by the Indians.




THE SUMMER-MAKER

Once in the far north there lived a Manitou whose name was Ojeeg, or
the fisher.  He and his wife and one son lived on the shore of a lake
and were very happy together.

In that country there was never any spring or summer, and the snow lay
deep on the ground all the year round.  But this did not daunt the
fisher.

He went forth every day and always brought back plenty of game.

The son wished to be a great hunter like his father, so he often took
his bow and arrows and went out to kill birds.  But he nearly always
returned with benumbed hands and crying with cold.

One day, as he was returning, feeling very discouraged and ready to
cry, he noticed a red squirrel on the top of a tree.  As he reached for
his arrows to shoot him, the squirrel spoke:

"Put away your arrows and listen to me.  I see you go forth each day
and always return nearly frozen and with never a bird.  Now, if you
will do as I tell you, we shall have summer all the time instead of the
snow.  Then I shall have plenty to eat, and you may kill all the birds
you wish.  When you go home, you must cry and sob.  When your mother
asks you what is the matter, do not answer, but throw away your bow and
arrow and cry harder than ever.  Do not eat any supper, and when your
father comes home, he will ask your mother what is the matter with you.
She will say that she does not know, that you only sob and cry, and
will not speak.  When he asks you to give the reason of your sorrow,
tell him that you want summer to come.  Coax him to get it for you.  He
will say it is a very hard thing to do, but will promise to try.  Now
remember all this and do as I tell you."

As the squirrel finished speaking, he disappeared, and the son returned
home.  Everything happened as the little squirrel had said, and when
the son asked his father to get summer for him, Ojeeg replied, "My son,
this is a hard task you have given me.  But I love you and so shall try
for your sake.  It may cost me my life, but I shall do my best."

Then he called together all his friends, and they had a feast.  A bear
was killed and roasted, and they arranged to meet on Thursday to begin
their journey.

When the day came, they all gathered; there was the otter, the beaver,
the lynx, and the wolverine.  Ojeeg said good-bye to his wife and son,
and the party set out.  For twenty days they travelled through the
snow, and at last came to the foot of a mountain.  The animals were all
very tired by this time, all but Ojeeg.  He was a nimble little animal
and used to long journeys.

As they began to go up the mountain, they noticed footprints and marks
of blood, as if some hunter had gone before them with an animal he had
killed.

"Let us follow these tracks," said the fisherman, "and see if we can
get something to eat."

When they reached the top of the mountain, they noticed a small lodge.

"Now be very careful and do not laugh at anything we see," said Ojeeg.

They knocked at the door, and it was opened by a very strange man.  He
had a huge head, big, strong teeth, and no arms.  He invited them to
come in and eat.  There was meat cooking in a wooden pot on the fire.
The man lifted it off when they were not looking, and gave them all
something to eat.  They wondered how he could do this, and how he had
killed the animal, but they soon learned the secret.  He was a Manitou!

As they were eating, the otter began to laugh at the strange movements
of the Manitou, who, hearing a noise, turned quickly and threw himself
on the otter.  He was going to smother him, as this was his way of
killing animals.  But the otter managed to wriggle from under him, and
escaped out of the door.

The rest remained there for the night.  When they were going in the
morning, the Manitou told them what path to take and what to do when
they reached the right spot.  They thanked him and started on again.

For twenty more days they travelled, and then they reached another
mountain.  They climbed to the top of this, and they knew by certain
signs it was the spot the Manitou had described.  So they seated
themselves in a circle and filled their pipes.  They pointed to the
sky, the four winds, and the earth; then they began to smoke.  As they
looked up at the sky they were silent with awe, for they were on such a
high mountain that the sky seemed only a few yards off.  They then
prepared themselves, and Ojeeg told the otter to have the first trial
at making a hole in the sky.  With a grin the otter consented.  He made
a spring, but fell down the side of the hill.  The snow was moist, so
he slid all the way to the bottom.  When he had picked himself up, he
said, "This is the last time I shall make such a jump; I am going
home," and away he went.  The beaver had the next turn, but did no
better, The lynx had no better luck.  Then came the turn of the
wolverine.

"Now," said Ojeeg to him, "I am going to depend on you; you are brave
and will try again and again."

So the wolverine took a jump, and the first time nearly reached the
sky; the second time he cracked it, and the third time he made a hole
and crawled in.  Ojeeg nimbly followed, and they found themselves on a
beautiful, green plain.  Lovely shade trees grew at some distance, and
among the trees were rivers and lakes.  On the water floated all kinds
of water-fowl.  Then they noticed long lodges.  They were empty, except
for a great many cages filled with beautiful birds.  The spirits who
lived in these lodges were wandering among the trees.  As Ojeeg noticed
the birds, he remembered his son.  He quickly opened the doors of the
cages, and the birds rushed out.  They flew through the air and down
through the opening in the sky.

The warm winds, that always blow in that heavenly place, followed the
birds down through the opening and began to melt the snows of the
north.  Then the guardian spirits noticed what was happening, and ran
with great shouts to the spot where all were escaping.  But Spring and
Summer had nearly gone.  They struck a great blow and cut Summer in
two, so that only part of it reached the earth.  The wolverine heard
the noise and raced for the hole, getting through before they could
close it.  But the fisher was farther away and could not reach the hole
in time.  The spirits closed up the opening and turned to catch him.
He ran over the plains to the north, going so fast that he gained the
trees before they could catch him.  He quickly climbed the largest one,
and they began to shoot at him with their arrows.

There was only one place in the fisher's body where he could be
hurt,--a spot near the tip of his tail; so the spirits kept shooting a
long time before an arrow struck that spot.  At last one did, and he
fell to the ground.  As it was now nearly night, the spirits went back
to their lodges and left him there alone.  He stretched out his limbs
and said:

"I have kept my promise to my son, though it has cost me my life.  But
I shall always be remembered by the natives of the earth, and I am
happy to think of the good I have sent them.  From now on they will
have different seasons, and eight to ten moons without snow."

In the morning they found him lying dead with the arrow through his
tail, and to this day he may be seen in the northern sky.




THE SLEEP FAIRIES

A hunter was once going through a forest with his dogs.  After he had
gone some distance he missed them.  He called and whistled, but they
did not come, so he turned back to find them.  Going some distance
farther, he thought he saw one lying under some low bushes, and when he
reached the spot, he saw his three dogs lying there fast asleep.  He
tried to waken them, but they would open their eyes only for a moment,
then fall asleep again.  Soon he began to feel a strange, sleepy
feeling coming over him.  He shook himself and tried to keep awake.
Just then he noticed a very large insect on a branch of a tree.  It had
many wings on its back, which kept up a steady, droning noise.  When it
noticed the hunter looking at it, the insect said, "I am Weeng, the
spirit of sleep.  Your dogs came too near my home, and so they have
fallen under my spell.  In a few minutes you will be asleep yourself."

"Must I go to sleep?" said the hunter.  "I would like to go back to my
lodge."

"You are a brave chief and have always been kind to the forest insects,
so this time I am going to let you go.  Take a leaf from yonder little
tree, chew it and swallow the juice."

The hunter did as he was told and at once the sleepy feeling was gone.
Then the strangest thing happened.  He saw all around him queer, little
fairies, each one with a tiny war-club.  They peeped from out the bark
of the trees, from amidst the grass, and even from out his pouch.

"What are these?" he asked Weeng.

"They are my sleep fairies, and are called 'Weengs.'  Now you may waken
your dogs and go."  And before the hunter had time to reply the insect
had gone.

He turned and roused the dogs, who followed him, still looking very
stupid.  As he went he saw the Weengs all around the trees, and many
seemed to be coming with him.  When he reached his lodge, he saw the
little creatures run to the men and climb up their foreheads; then with
their war-clubs they began to knock them on the head.  Soon the Indians
began to yawn and rub their eyes, and in a little while they all lay
asleep.

Then the hunter began to feel his own head grow heavy.  He tried to
keep awake, but could not, so he stretched himself beside the fire and
went to sleep.  When he awakened and looked around, there were no
fairies to be seen.

The hunter determined to go into the forest and see if he could find
the little tree from which he had plucked the leaf.  But before he
went, he carefully tied up his dogs, for he did not wish them to follow
him and again fall under the spell of Weeng.  They whined when he left
them and pulled at their ropes, but he was soon lost to their sight
among the trees.  Making his way slowly through the forest, he kept a
sharp lookout for the little tree with the magic leaves.  But he could
see nothing that looked like it.  For many hours he tramped on, and at
last he threw himself down on the ground to rest.

As he lay there, he heard a droning noise above his head.  He looked up
quickly, and there sat Weeng on the farthermost branch of the tree.

"Good-morning, great hunter," said the insect.  "You have been
searching for my little tree, have you not?"

"Yes," replied the hunter.  "How did you know?"

"I know many things," said Weeng; "but listen, to me.  Yonder is the
tree."  As he spoke, he pointed to a little tree not two yards away.
"Pluck one of the leaves, but do not chew it until sunset.  At that
hour I utter my sleep call, which bids all the insects fly home to
rest.  When you hear the call, you may chew the leaf, for I want you to
see what happens then."

"Is anything strange going to happen?" asked the hunter.

"Great hunter," said Weeng, "if you will remain in this forest behind
that large oak tree, you may see it all.  One hour before sunset, the
Red Squirrel and all his army are coming to attack me."

"Why are they going to do that?" asked the hunter, in surprise.

"Because the Red Squirrel wishes to have my branch for his home.  He
ordered me to get down, and I refused.  So, one hour before sunset, he
and his army are coming to drive me from my home."

"What are you going to do?" asked the hunter.  "Can I help you?"

"I and my winged friends," said Weeng, "are going to fight them when
they come.  Yes, great hunter, you can help us by remaining to see that
the battle is fair.  The Red Squirrel knows that if he can once touch
me, I must fall.  But my insects have sharp swords, and they can keep
the army back till sunset."

"And what will happen then?" asked the hunter.

"Then the insects must go to their homes.  But, if you swallow the
juice of the leaf, you will see the end of the battle.  Now go and hide
behind the oak tree.  In a few minutes my army will be here."

The hunter did as he was bidden and took his place behind the tree.
From here he could see Weeng quite plainly, but he was himself hidden.
In a few minutes the insects began to assemble.  First came the wasps,
looking fierce and warlike.  Then came the bees, buzzing along with
indignation.  Then dozens of flies, bluebottles, sand-flies, and
bull-flies, all ready for the fight.  Then followed the moths,
ladybugs, butterflies, and mosquitoes.

Lastly, with a great noise, came a regiment of hornets and took their
places on the branch directly in front of Weeng.  The others had
gathered in a huge circle around him, and in the midst of the bodyguard
he sat, like a general ready for the attack of the enemy.  He had not
long to wait, for somewhere in the forest the Red Squirrel had
assembled his army, and now he brought them forward in one body to the
foot of the tree.  All the red squirrels were in front, next came the
gray squirrels, then the chipmunks.

The Red Squirrel gave the command, and up the tree his army began to
climb.  Out on the branch they came, where Weeng sat at the farthest
end.  But the hornets were ready for them, and as they advanced the
sharp swords of the defenders pricked their noses, eyes, and bodies.
Backward they tumbled, some falling from the limb, others clinging
desperately to the under side.  Then the gray squirrels pushed forward,
and in spite of many wounds, broke through the ranks of the hornets.
They had nearly reached Weeng when the bees, buzzing more indignantly
than ever, made one fierce dash at them.  The gray squirrels fought
bravely, but at every turn they met terrible, stinging blows.  At last
they could not see what they were doing, and, like the red squirrels,
many of them fell from the limb.

While this part of the battle was going on, the chipmunks had been
waging a war of their own with the wasps, who had attacked them.  The
battle had been a sharp one, and many soldiers of both armies lay dead
on the ground below the tree.  But the chipmunks had won the victory,
and now made their way along the branches towards Weeng.  Their leader,
a large, bold-looking chipmunk, made a fierce rush at Weeng, and almost
touched him.  But just as he did so, with a noiseless swoop, down came
the mosquitoes upon him.  They covered his head, until not a part of it
was to be seen.  He slapped wildly at them, lost his hold on the
branch, and fell to the ground.  With redoubled fury on rushed the
other chipmunks and the red squirrels, who had by this time recovered.
They were met by a solid wall of insects bristling with sharp swords,
for the wasps, the hornets, and flies had placed themselves across
their path.  Then came the hottest part of the battle, and in one
confused mass they struggled and fought on the slender branch.  In the
midst of this there sounded a soft, sweet call.  It was the sleep call
of the fairy Weeng.  At once all the insects sheathed their swords, and
turning, fluttered slowly home to bed.  As each one departed, he
uttered a soft good-night to Weeng.

The hunter, who was watching all this anxiously, wondered that although
the Red Squirrel's army was still fighting it was making no headway.
He wondered how this could be.  Suddenly he remembered the leaf in his
pocket.  At once he chewed it, and he then saw the reason for the
squirrels' defeat.  At the call of Weeng his sleep fairies had come
forth, and now with their clubs were knocking their enemies on the
head.  Blow after blow they struck.  The squirrels resisted bravely,
but it was useless.  In a few minutes they were driven back and off the
branch of the tree, and were glad to escape to their homes.  As the
darkness gathered and the magic of the leaf began to wear away, the
hunter could just dimly see Weeng sitting in the midst of his sleep
fairies, like a great general who has won his battle.




SHINGEBISS

Once there was a little duck, whose name was Shingebiss.  He lived by
himself in a small lodge, and was very contented and happy.  This lodge
was built on the shore of a lake.  When the cold winter days came, and
the lake was frozen over, all the other ducks flew away to a warmer
land.  But Shingebiss was not afraid of the cold.  He gathered four
large logs and took them into his lodge.  Each log was big enough to
burn for a month, and as there were only four cold months, there would
be enough to last him through the winter.

Then each morning he would go to the lake, and hunt for places where
the rushes came through the ice.  He would pull these out with his
strong beak, and catch fish through the openings.

Kabibonokka, the north wind, saw him, and said to himself, "What a
strange person this is.  He sings and is out on the coldest days.  But
I shall stop his singing."

So he blew a cold blast from the north-west, which froze the ice on the
lake much deeper.  Still Shingebiss came out in the morning, caught his
fish, and went home singing.

"How strange," said the north wind, "I cannot freeze him; I shall go
and visit his lodge.  Perhaps I can put out his fire."

So he went and knocked at the door of the lodge.  Shingebiss was
within.  He had cooked and eaten his fish, and now was lying on one
side in front of the fire, singing a song.  He heard the north wind at
the door, but he pretended that he did not.  He went on singing in
quite a loud voice:

  "Windy god, I know your plan,
  You are but my fellow-man.
  Blow you may your coldest breeze,
  Shingebiss yon cannot freeze;
  Sweep the strongest wind you can,
  Shingebiss is still your man.
  Heigh, for life--ho, for bliss,
  Who so free as Shingebiss?"


The north wind heard him and was very angry.  He blew his coldest blast
under the doorway, Shingebiss felt it, but still went on singing.  Then
the north wind opened the door, and walked in.  He took a seat beside
the fire, and Shingebiss pretended not to see him.  He just went on
singing, and after a while took his poker and stirred the logs.  This
made them blaze brightly, and in a few minutes tears began to run down
Kabibonokka's cheeks.  He pushed his chair away from the fire and tried
to blow his icy breath on the blazing log.  But the warm air pushed the
cold breeze back and wrapped Kabibonokka around like a cloak.  The
tears were running in streams down his cheeks now, and the heavy frost
on his long beard and hair had melted and made pools of water on the
floor.  He could stand it no longer.  Rising, he hastily passed out the
door, saying to himself, "I cannot put out his fire, but I shall freeze
the lake so deep that he will not be able to catch any more fish."

So that night he blew his coldest breath.  Next morning the ice on the
lake was very thick.  Brave little Shingebiss went from one place to
another trying to find a thin spot.  At last a bunch of rushes came out
as he pulled, and, looking in the hole, he saw several fine fish.  He
sang merrily as he caught them, and the north wind heard the song.
Looking out of his lodge, he saw what Shingebiss was doing.  At first
he was very angry, then he began to feel afraid.

"This duck must be helped by some Manitou," he said.  "I shall leave
him in peace after this."

Then Kabibonokka went in and closed his lodge door and Shingebiss never
saw him again.




THE QUEER LITTLE ANIMAL

An Indian was once wandering across the prairie.  He was tired and
hungry and very lonely, too, for he had not seen a human being for many
weeks.  He lay down on the ground and fell asleep.  While he was lying
there, he dreamed that a small voice said, "My grandson," to him.  He
wakened with a start and again heard the voice.  It came from the grass
near him, but he could see nothing.

"Pick me up," said the voice, "and I shall be your friend forever.  Put
me in your belt and never lay me aside, and you will always have
success."

The Indian looked closely in the grass and saw a tiny creature.  It was
about the size of a baby mouse, and had no hair on its skin excepting a
little bunch on the tip of its tail.  He picked it up and sewed it in
his belt.  Then he travelled on until he came to a village where a
tribe of Indians lived.  A broad road ran through the centre of the
village, but the strange thing was, that the lodges on one side of the
road were empty, while those on the other side were filled with
Indians.  He walked boldly into the village.  The people ran out to
meet him, crying, "Here is the being of whom we have heard so much.
Welcome, Anishinaba."

The chief's son was very kind to him and took him to his father's
lodge.  The people of this tribe spent most of their time in games and
trials of strength.  The trial they liked best was called The Freezing
Water Trial; that was, they had to lie down in icy, cold water and let
it freeze around them.  The man who could stay the longest was
considered the bravest.  The next night they asked Anishinaba to try
the test with them.  He was quite willing and went with them to the
place where the test was to be made.  He kept on his belt, and so felt
very comfortable, for the little animal made everything easy for him.
The water began to freeze and the Indians called out, "How are you
feeling?"  He did not answer them.

About midnight, he noticed they had stopped talking.  He called out,
"How are you feeling now?  I am very warm."  They did not answer him,
so he arose and walked to where they were lying.  They were frozen
stiff.  He went back to the camp and told the other Indians.  Everybody
declared that he was the bravest warrior, since he had not been frozen.
The chief was so pleased with him that he gave him his daughter.  The
Indians went to fetch the bodies of the frozen men, but were surprised
to find them changed into buffaloes.  These animals went to live in the
other side of the village; and after that, every one Anishinaba killed
was changed into some kind of an animal and went into that part of the
village to live.  Very shortly the empty lodges were filled.

One day Anishinaba lay down on the grass to have a sleep.  He had taken
off his belt, and it lay in the long grass beside him.  When he
wakened, he forgot about it.  This was the first time he had ever gone
without the little animal since he came to the village.  That night
some Indians who were unfriendly to him, asked him to try the freezing
trial again.  He consented, for he was not at all afraid.  But still he
did not think of his belt, and so the freezing water benumbed his body
and in a short time he was frozen stiff.  His enemies then cut his body
into many pieces and scattered them over the village.  His wife wept
bitterly for many days.  Then suddenly she remembered his belt, and
went in search of it.  She found it in the grass where he had slept.
As she picked it up, the tiny voice said, "Unpin me."  She opened the
little seam where the animal lay and out he came.  He began to shake
himself, and at each shake grew larger, until at last he was the size
of a small dog.

The queer-looking animal ran away then as fast as he could go.  All
around the village he went, gathering up the pieces of his master's
body.  When he had them gathered, he laid them together in their right
places.  Then he uttered a loud howl, and the pieces joined together.
He uttered another, and the body began to breathe.  Then he uttered one
that reached to the skies, and his master arose and stood before him.
The animal then spoke.  "You should not have parted with me," he said.
"That was why you lost your life.  Now, I shall reveal myself to you."
He began shaking himself like a dog, and at each shake he grew larger,
until at last he was immense.  Then a long snout grew from his head,
and two big, shining teeth from his mouth.  His skin was still smooth,
without one hair excepting the bunch on the end of his tail.

"I am going to give my gift to you," said the wild boar.  "After this
you shall live on the meat of animals, instead of the animals eating
you.  But you and all mankind must respect me and must not eat my flesh
nor that of any of my kind."




THE DORMOUSE

Many years ago the animals ruled the earth.  They had killed every one
but a brother and a sister.  These two lived in a lodge far away in the
forest, where the animals could not find them.  The boy was a tiny,
little fellow,--he had never grown any larger than a baby,--so the girl
had to do all the work.  Each day she would go out into the bush and
gather wood for the lodge fire.  She always took her brother with her,
for he was too small to leave alone.  A big bird might fly away with
him.

One day she gave him a little bow and arrows, and said, "You stay here
while I take the wood home.  When the snow-birds come to get the worms
out of the wood, see if you can shoot one."  So she went home and left
him.  He did not come until nearly evening.  He looked very sad and
tired, for he had been unable to shoot even one bird.

"Never mind," said the sister, kindly.  "Try again to-morrow."

The next day he went again with her, and when he came back in the
evening, he said, "I shot this bird, and now, sister, strip the skin
off it, stretch, and cure it.  Then when I have killed enough birds, I
shall have a coat made of the skins." At last when he had ten skins,
his sister made him a coat of them.  He was so tiny that it fitted him
nicely.  Of course he was very proud of it.

One day he said, "Sister, is there no one living in this world except
ourselves?"

"Yes," she answered.  "Many miles from here live the animals we are
afraid of.  But never go near their village, for they will kill you."

"Oh, I am not afraid," he said; and in spite of all her coaxing he made
ready to go on his journey.

One morning he set out, and by noon had walked quite a distance.  He
felt very tired and threw himself down on a plot of grass where the sun
had melted the snow.  He fell asleep, and while he was lying there the
hot sun dried the skins of his bird coat.  When he awoke, he felt as
though he were buttoned up in a coat much too small for him.

He was very angry at the sun, for he knew it had done this.  "I shall
punish you," he cried up to it.  "You think you are so high up there,
and I am so small, that you do not care, but I shall show you."

Then he went home to his sister and showed her the coat, and told her
all about it.  She begged him not to feel so angry.  He would not
listen to her, but went and lay down on the bed.  For ten days he
stayed there without eating a bite.  Then he turned over on his other
side and lay for ten days more.

At last he arose and said, "Sister, please make me a snare.  I want to
catch the sun."  She told him she had nothing with which to make the
snare.  He nearly cried when she said this.  Then she remembered some
bits of deer sinew that were in the lodge.  She made a snare of this,
but he said, "That will not do," and began to cry again.  Then she
asked him if her hair would do.

"No, it will not," he said.

"Well, I have nothing else," she told him, and went out of the lodge.
She thought and thought, and at last she said to herself, "I shall use
my hair, and perhaps he will never know."  So she made a snare like the
one used to catch moose.  When she took it in to him, and asked, "Will
this do?" he looked very pleased, and said, "Oh, yes, that is the very
thing."  He took it, and drew the threads through his lips.  They
changed at once into red, metal cords, which he wound around his waist.

Then he made ready for his journey, and about midnight he set out.  He
walked on for a long time, until he came to the spot where the sun came
up.  He fixed the snare, and then hid behind some bushes.

In a little while the sun began to rise, and was at once caught in the
snare.

The animals, who ruled the earth, were greatly excited because the
morning did not come.  They knew it was time for the sun to be up, so
they called a council.

"What is to be done?" asked the bear.

"Some one must go and see what has happened," replied the wolf.

"Let the dormouse go," said the beaver, "as he is the largest of us
all."

In those days the dormouse was very large.  He looked like a mountain
when he stood up.

"Yes," said the wolf, "let the dormouse go.  He is proud of his size
and his strength.  Let him show us what he can do when there is danger
before him."

They all looked around for the dormouse, but there was no sign of him.

"He thinks that we shall send him to find the sun," said the fox.  "He
is afraid and has hidden himself."

"Not so," returned the beaver.  "The dormouse is not a coward.  Let us
call him.  He cannot be far away."

With that, they all began to call the dormouse.  In a moment there was
a crackling of branches and the sound of heavy footsteps, and a huge
figure loomed up in the darkness.

"Brother dormouse," said the fox, "you are so brave that we have chosen
you to go in search of the sun.  What is your answer?"

"I am quite ready to go," replied the dormouse, "and if I cannot find
the sun and send it to you, I shall not return myself."

At once the dormouse started towards the sun.  As he came close to it,
the hot rays began to burn his back, but he kept on, and began to chew
the cords, which bound it.  In a few minutes the top of his back was a
heap of ashes, and he felt himself shrivelling with the heat.  He kept
on bravely, and at last the cords were sundered and the sun free.  But
by this time the dormouse was a very small animal, and has remained so
ever since.

All this time the brother, who was lying hidden, had been watching what
was happening.  As the dormouse began to smoke, he grew a little
frightened, and when it began to shrivel he was terrified.  All he
wished for was to escape from this glaring sun, which surely would
quickly consume him too.

Lying flat on the ground, he wriggled through the bushes for a long
distance along the bank.  Reaching the plain, he made a dash for home.
His face and arms were scratched and bleeding, and when he told his
sister what had happened, she was grieved to think that she had made
the snare which had brought so much sorrow to the innocent dormouse.




THE WINDMAKER

Once there was a tribe of Indians who had always lived in the
mountains.  Their village was built at the foot of a very large
mountain, and their lodges were made from branches of the pine-trees,
covered with the skins of animals.

One day one of their hunters followed a bear's track for many miles.
By evening he found himself a great distance from the village.  He
noticed that the hills around him were much smaller than those he had
left, so he made up his mind to continue in the direction he had been
going, which was eastwards, to see if the hills would grow smaller as
he went.  He rested during the night, and when the sun rose next
morning, he continued walking towards the east.  For several days he
travelled, and at last he found himself on the edge of a very large
plain.  Miles and miles of green prairie lay before him, and he
wondered what was beyond, on the other side of this vast plain.

He travelled back joyfully to the village and told the others of the
tribe what he had discovered.  As they listened they became anxious to
see this great prairie and what lay beyond it.  So they went to their
chief and begged him to let them all go and travel until they should
reach the other side of the prairie.  The chief told them that this was
a wrong thing to ask, because they were mountain Indians and so would
never be happy away from the mountains.  Still they begged and coaxed,
and at length he said:

"I shall grant your request, my children, because my greatest wish is
to see you happy.  To-morrow we shall all make ready for our journey to
this great prairie.  I shall go with you, although it grieves me very
much to leave my mountains, but your wish shall be granted."

By evening the next day the tribe was ready for the journey.  They had
taken down their lodges, and the branches of the pine-trees and the
skins of the animals were packed on the mountain ponies.  The chief
rode in front on a small, white pony.  His face looked very sad as they
set out.

For many days they travelled, and at length they reached the edge of
the prairie, as the hunter before them had done.  They were all much
astonished to see the great plain of green grass, and they told their
chief that this land was much more beautiful than their mountains.  He
did not make them any reply.  For several days they travelled across
the prairie in the daytime and camped at night.  Each morning they said
as they prepared to move forward, "To-day we shall surely reach the
other side of this prairie."

Each night, however, found them with as many miles in front of them as
there were behind them.  At last they grew weary, and began to wonder
how long they would have to travel before they could see what was
beyond this prairie.  They had made their camp for the night on the
bank of a river.  This river was too wide and deep for them to cross,
and they did not know what they would do.  During the night a strange
thing happened.  Their lodges were caught as if by unseen hands, lifted
high in the air, and tossed into the river.  The little children clung
to their mothers in terror, while these unseen hands seemed trying to
pull them away and toss them after the lodges.  The Indians, terrified,
gathered around their chief.

"What is this?" they cried.  "What is this awful thing that has such
strength and which we cannot see?"

"It is the wind, my children," said the chief.  "Far up on the mountain
lives the Windmaker.  This is his message to us, to tell us that he is
angry, because we have left our mountain home.  Let us all go back to
our home and be happy once more."

But the Indians murmured at this.  They did not wish to go back to the
mountains.  They wished to see what was beyond the great prairie.  The
chief sadly shook his head and said, "Well, my children, you must
suffer what the Windmaker sends us."

Then up spoke a young warrior named Broken Arrow.  He had long wished
for a chance to show the chief that he was brave, for he loved the
chief's daughter and knew he could not wed her until he had proven his
bravery.

"Oh, chief," he said, "let me go to this Windmaker.  Let me shoot my
sharpest arrows at him, so that I may kill this wicked one who is
causing so much sorrow."

The chief smiled at the brave youth and said, "My son, you may go, but
it is a useless quest.  This Windmaker cannot be killed."

Broken Arrow replied proudly, "We shall see.  My arrows carry far and
fly straight.  This Windmaker shall feel their point."

The women of the tribe put food in a bag and several pairs of
moccasins, and the young warrior set out on his journey.  Day and night
he travelled, and at last, after his food was all gone and his last
pair of moccasins was nearly worn out, he reached the foot of the great
mountain where the Windmaker lived.  Looking up, he saw the monster,--a
great, gray creature that seemed a part of the mountain itself.  His
head was crowned with snow-white hair that lay around his shoulders
like drifts of snow.  His huge ears stood out from the sides of his
head, and as he waved them, a breeze came down the mountain side that
almost took the warrior off his feet.  Fitting an arrow into his bow,
he let it fly.  It was aimed for the Windmaker's heart, and was going
straight there, when the monster moved one ear and the arrow flew to
one side.  The same fate overtook the next arrow, and the next.  Still
the warrior shot bravely on, but as each one came near the monster he
waved his ears and blew it aside.  At last every arrow had been spent,
and the Windmaker was uninjured.  There was nothing for the young
warrior to do but to go back and tell of his failure.  Sadly he turned
away, and after many days' travelling he arrived at the camp, faint
with hunger, and with bare and bleeding feet.

The chief smiled proudly as he saw him.  "Welcome, my son," he said.
"Do not feel sad.  You have done nobly, and have proven to me how great
a warrior you are.  You shall be my son, and I am proud to call you
that."

After the wedding feast that night, the chief told the Indians that on
the morrow he was going to the mountain to see if he could kill the
Windmaker.

When they heard this, there was great weeping, and they begged him not
to go.  But he was firm, so they said, "Then we shall go with you.
Where our chief goes, we go too, and we shall watch you fight this
wicked one."

So, after many days' travelling, they all reached the foot of the great
mountain where the Windmaker lived.  Looking up, they could see him
just as Broken Arrow had told them they would.  The chief turned to
them and said, "My children, you must remain here at the foot of this
mountain, while I climb up to the top.  There is no use in trying to
shoot this great monster, for he will but blow my arrows away, so I
must climb up and strike him with my tomahawk."

Again they begged him not to go, but again he was firm, and they sadly
watched him begin to climb up the rocky side of the mountain.  Little
by little, he ascended the steep, rough hill, until at last he was
almost at the feet of the Windmaker.  All this time the monster had
been perfectly still.  Then suddenly, just as the chief was within
reach of him, he waved both his ears, and a terrible gale tore down the
mountain side, carrying rocks and stones with it.  It caught the chief,
lifted him off his feet and carried him down.  When he reached the
bottom he lay as if insensible for a few moments.  Then, recovering his
breath, he began to climb again.  Once more the Windmaker let him
nearly reach his feet before he made a movement.  This time he sent a
current of air against a large boulder resting on a narrow ledge.  The
chief leaped just in time, for it fell with a terrible noise on the
very spot where he had stood.

Angered by this, the chief grasped his tomahawk more firmly, and
dashing up a few paces, aimed a blow at the monster's feet.  But before
it fell, the Windmaker waved both ears again.  With a roar like thunder
the gale swept down, carrying the brave chief with it.  It tossed him
in the air, turned him around two or three times, and hurled him into a
clump of fir-trees at the foot of the mountain.  The Indians ran
frantically to the spot and picked him up, but he was quite dead.  They
buried him sadly where he had fallen, at the foot of the tender firs.
Then they went quietly back to their village in the mountains and have
been content to live there ever since.




MOOWIS

In a certain tribe in the far West there was a maiden who was very
beautiful.  Many warriors loved her, but she would listen to none of
them.

In the same tribe there was a young man who was called Beau-man,
because he was so beautifully dressed.  He was very handsome too, and
so when he fell in love with the maiden, he felt sure she would love
him also; but when he came to see her, she would not listen, and when
he tried to make her hear, she made a motion with her hand which means
contempt.  This made him feel very mean.  All his friends laughed at
him, and this made him so very angry that he went away to his tent and
lay down.  He remained without eating anything for many weeks.  His
parents and friends all coaxed him to get up, but he would not.

At length the time came for the tribe to move camp, as this was just a
hunting trip, and when the summer arrived they always went back to the
village.  They asked Beau-man to come with them, but still he would not
move.  So they lifted the tent, and left him lying there in his bed all
alone.

The next day he got up, for he had thought of a splendid plan to have
revenge on the maiden.  He knew a spirit who would help him when asked.

He began to gather all the bits of colored cloth, old beads, and
feathers that were lying on the ground where the camp had been.  Most
of them were very dirty, and some were wet with snow.  But he put them
all in one pile, and then with the help of the spirit, he made them all
look clean.  Then he made beaded moccasins from some of the scraps;
leggings and a coat from some others.  At last a frontlet with feathers
sticking in it for the head.  He gathered up snow and dirt, and filled
the moccasins and the rest of the suit with it.  The spirit changed the
whole thing into a man,--a fine-looking warrior, to whom was given the
name Moowis.  The Beau-man at once took him to the village where the
maiden lived.

Moowis was kindly received by the chief, who invited him into his
lodge.  He was finely dressed, and held himself so proudly that the
maiden fell in love with him.  The chief asked him to sit near the
fire.  But he could not sit there very long, as the heat began to melt
the snow, and soon he would have been a pile of rags.  He put a boy
between himself and the fire, and kept moving away until he was near
the door.

Then the chief came and asked him to sit in the bridegroom's chair.
This meant that he was married to the maiden.  When it became evening,
Moowis said he must go now, as he had a long journey to make.  The
maiden begged to go with him, but he told her she could not.  Still she
coaxed so hard that he asked the Beau-man what he should do.  "Let her
go with you," he answered; "it will serve her right."

In a little while they set out.  Moowis walked so fast that the maiden
had to run to keep up, and in a short time she was very tired.  Still
he walked on so swiftly that he was soon far ahead.  They walked all
night, and when the sun rose the bridegroom was almost out of sight.
As the day grew warm, his snow began to melt, and as it did so, his
fine clothes began to turn back into rags.  Then they began to fall
off.  First the maiden found his mittens, next his moccasins, then she
picked up his coat.  She walked on calling, "Moowis, where are you?"
But all she could find was bits of rags, beads, and feathers scattered
over the fields.  She wandered on from one village to another calling,
"Moowis, Moowis, oh, Moowis, where have you gone?"

The village maidens turned her cry into a song, and used to chant it as
she passed.  She never saw anything more of him, although she wandered
on for years, always calling, "Moowis."




THE DAUGHTERS OF THE STAR

There once lived, in a deep forest, a hunter named Waupee, or the White
Hawk.  Every day he returned from the chase with birds and animals
which he had killed, for he was very skilful.

One day he walked through the forest till at last he reached the edge
of it, and there before him lay the wide prairie.  The grass was so
soft and green, and there were so many flowers, that he wandered on for
a while.  He could see that no one lived there, as no trace of
footsteps was to be seen.  Suddenly he came to a circle on the prairie.
It looked as if people had run around in a ring until the grass was
trampled down.  As he could see no marks of footsteps leading away from
the ring, he wondered very much whose feet could have marked out the
circle.  Then he made up his mind to hide, so that he might see if any
one came.

After awhile, he heard the sound of beautiful music.  It seemed to come
from the sky.  As he looked up he saw something coming down through the
air, and the music sounded like the singing of girls.  As the object
came closer, he saw that it was a wicker basket, and in it were twelve
beautiful maidens.  When the basket reached the ground, they all jumped
out and began to dance around the circle.  They were all very
beautiful, but Waupee picked out the youngest as the one he liked best.
He watched them as long as he could, then ran out to clasp the youngest
in his arms.  But as soon as the maidens saw the figure of a man, they
ran to the basket, jumped in, and were at once drawn up to the sky.

Waupee was left alone on the prairie, and he felt very sad to think he
had frightened away the beautiful maidens.  He went back slowly to his
lodge, but could not rest all night.  The next day he came again to the
magic circle.

This time he changed himself into an opossum.  He had not waited long
when the wicker basket again floated down.  The sisters jumped out and
began the same dance.  Waupee crept towards them; but when they saw
him, they at once ran to the basket and climbed in.   It began to
ascend, but stopped when a short distance up.

"Perhaps," said the oldest sister, "he has come to show us the way the
mortals dance."

"Oh, no!" said the youngest; "let us go up quickly."  They all began to
sing their sweet song, and the basket rose out of sight.

Again Waupee was sad, but he made up his mind that the next day he
would act more wisely.  So, when he came back, he found the stump of a
tree where a family of mice lived.  He moved the stump over near the
circle and changed himself into one of the mice.  Again the sisters
came, and began their dance.

"Look," said the youngest sister, "that stump was not there before."
But the other sisters laughed at her and ran over to it.  Then out came
all the mice, Waupee among them.  The sisters began to chase and kill
the mice, and at last only one was left alive.  The youngest sister ran
after it, and was just about to hit it, when it changed into Waupee.
He clasped her in his arms, while the other sisters sprang for the
basket and were drawn up to the sky.

The maiden wept at being left alone, but Waupee wiped away her tears
and took her home to his little lodge.   He was very good to her and at
last she grew very happy.  But a few years afterwards, when her little
son was able to walk, she took him to the magic ring.  She felt very
lonely when she thought of her sisters and of her father, the Star.  So
she made up her mind to go back to them.  She made a basket of reeds,
and putting her little son in it, she seated herself and began to sing
the old chant.  The basket at once rose in the air and floated out of
sight.

When Waupee was coming home, he heard this sweet song.  He knew it was
one the sisters used to sing, so he ran at once to the magic circle,
but the basket had almost disappeared.  He called and called, but no
answer came down to him, and at last it was gone.

He threw himself down on the ground and wept.  Then, when night came,
he rose and went home to his empty lodge.

As the years went on the maiden was very happy in her old home, but the
son wished to go and see his birthplace.  The grandfather heard him,
and said to the maiden, "Go down to the earth and show your son his
birthplace, and when you are coming back, bring your husband with you.
But when he comes, tell him to bring a part of each kind of bird and
animal he has killed."

This the maiden did.  Waupee was delighted to have them return, and at
once set to work to hunt and kill one of every kind of bird and animal.
It took him many days to do this, but at last all were gathered.  He
took a claw of some birds, a wing of others, a tail of some animals,
and the feet of others.  Then they all stepped into the basket and it
took them up to the sky.

The Star grandfather was so pleased with Waupee's gift, that he called
all his people to a feast.  After it was over, he told them to choose
what they liked best from the earthly things.  Some chose a wing,
others a paw, and so on, and as they did so they were at once changed
into an animal or bird like the one they had chosen.

Waupee was pleased with this idea and chose the feather of a white
hawk.  His wife and son chose the same, and all were changed into these
graceful birds.  They slowly spread out their white wings and floated
away towards the earth.

Passing through the clouds they found themselves above the snow-capped
mountains.  They flew on, until at length they saw the green tops of
trees far below them.  In great circles they began to descend, and in a
few minutes alighted in the topmost branches of a tall tree.

Waupee then spoke: "We shall build our nest in this tree, and into it
we shall weave parts of our old lodge, where we lived so happily
together.  Let us go now and gather these; then we shall begin our
nest."




KOTO AND THE BIRD

Once there was a little Cree boy named Koto.  His father was a chief
and a great hunter, and Koto always longed for the time when he would
be able to hunt like his father and bring back large game to the
wigwam.  One summer day the chief and all the hunters were away on a
hunting trip.  There was no one left in the camp but a few of the women
and some children.  Koto wandered around, not knowing what to do, when
suddenly he thought of a very daring thing.  One pony had been left
because it had been lame, and now Koto made up his mind that he would
get on its back and gallop over the prairie.  He knew that the pony's
foot was nearly better, and he thought that one gallop could not hurt
it.

So he jumped on the pony's back, waved his arms, and called out to it
to run, and away they went.  Koto's long, dark hair and the pony's mane
blew in the wind, and they both were enjoying the gallop when something
terrible happened.  The pony caught his foot in a badger hole and fell
heavily to the ground.  Koto was tossed in the air, and then fell with
one foot pinned under him.

For a long time the two sufferers lay there in the hot sun on the
prairie.  At length Koto's mother, who had missed him, found them.  She
carried Koto back to the wigwam and laid him on his bed of skins.  She
told him that his leg was broken and that the pony's leg was broken
also, and that the hunters would have to kill it when they returned.
Poor Koto wept bitterly.  He did not mind his own broken leg, but to
think that he had really killed the little pony nearly broke his heart.
For many days he lay on his bed, and at last he was able to get up and
move around with the help of a little crutch, which his father had made
from the branch of a tree.

When winter came, the Indians moved their camp to the woods along the
bank of the Assiniboine River.  Koto was not able to walk well, so
remained in his lodge until all the camp had been moved.  Then his
father came to carry him to the camp that was protected from the cold
north wind.

"My son," he said, as he walked along with Koto in his arms, "I have a
surprise for you.  You shall not live in a wigwam this winter."

"Why not?" asked Koto.  "I like my wigwam.  It is warm and keeps the
cold wind away."

"Wait, and you shall see," said his father.  "You will like your new
lodge much better."

When they reached the camp, Koto saw what the chief had meant.  During
the summer some white men had camped there and had built a log cabin
for themselves.  Then they had gone away, leaving the little cabin
deserted, and now the chief had taken it for his lodge.  Koto was very
much pleased with his new home, and the door which opened on hinges was
always a great surprise to him.  He was not able to go out during that
long winter, but he was never lonely, for the first day they were in
the cabin a strange visitor came.  It was a little, brown bird which
had been deserted by its mate, and it flew in to get away from the
cold.  All winter it remained with Koto, feeding from his food at
mealtime, and hopping around him during the day as he was weaving his
baskets.  At night it slept on a little board that was nailed to the
wall near Koto's bed of skins.

When springtime came and the door was left open, Koto noticed that the
bird's mate had returned.  It flew to the bushes near the house and
called to Koto's bird, but she would not go, and at last her mate came
to the doorway.  Again he called, and this time she went out, but she
came back at mealtime and remained with Koto all night.  Every day
after that she would fly out in the morning and come back three or four
times during the day, while her mate would never come past the doorway.
Then one day she did not come back.  Koto watched and waited for her.
The long day passed and evening came, still there was no sign of the
bird.  The next day went by, and the next, and little Koto began to
look very sad as he sat at the door watching for her.

At last he hobbled out and sat very quietly under the trees.  In a
little while he came back as quickly as he could, his face shining for
joy.  When he entered the cabin, he looked around eagerly.  Then his
face grew sad again.

"She is not here," he said sadly.  "My little bird is not here."

"No, she is not here," said his mother, "Did you think she was?"

"Yes, I saw her fly in, but she is not here."

Koto went out again and seated himself under the trees once more, but
he saw no sign of his bird all the rest of that day.  The next day he
went to the same place to watch, and not long after he came hobbling in
eagerly with his face shining for joy as before.  He looked around the
cabin, and again he grew sad, for there was no bird to be seen.

Each day after that the same thing happened.  As he sat under the trees
he saw the little bird fly into the cabin, but when he entered there
was no bird to be seen.  He grew sadder and looked so thin that the
chief became sad, too.

"My son," he said, "you must not think of this bird.  It has flown
away.  It will not come back.  This is a spirit bird that you see enter
the cabin.  Try not to think of it and be happy."

But the little Cree boy only shook his head and said, "I saw her go in
and she does not come out and she is not in the cabin.  Where is she?
Where is my little bird?"

So the chief made up his mind that he would watch and see if the little
bird really did fly into the cabin.  The next day he watched with Koto
under the trees, and in a few minutes the little boy grasped his hand.

"Look," he said, "look, there is my little bird."  And there in a tree
near them were two brown birds, one of them Koto's pet.  They flew away
together; then one, when it reached the side of the cabin, suddenly
disappeared.  Quickly seizing his father's hand, Koto and the chief
reached the door of the little home.  They looked eagerly around the
room, but there was not a bird to be seen.  They searched every place,
for the chief was sure that he had seen it enter.  There was no trace
of it any place.  Going out, he looked at the side of the little house,
and there was a hole between the logs where the bird might easily
enter.  Coming in, he looked for the hole on the inside, but could not
find it.  Then he noticed that an old, gray jacket, which had been left
there by the white men, was hanging where the hole ought to be.

He took down the jacket and Koto gave a cry of delight.  For from a
pocket of the coat peaked the head of his little bird, and there was
the hole between the logs, where the coat had hung.  The bird seemed
quite pleased that they had found her, and after a while flew off her
nest to peck from Koto's hand.  After some days her eggs were hatched,
and then the father bird consented to enter the cabin and help feed the
young ones.  When the little birds grew large enough, they flew away
with the father bird, but for the rest of the summer Koto's little
brown friend remained with him, watching him weave his baskets, and
seemed very pleased when at last he was able to walk a little.

When fall came, she went away with the other birds, but this time Koto
was not sad, for he knew she was happy, and he was happy, too, because
he could now walk.




THE HUMPBACKED MANITOU

Bokwewa and his brother lived in a lodge in the forest, far away from
the rest of the world.  They were both Manitous and could do many
wonderful things.  Bokwewa had the most gifts and knew all the secrets
of the woods, but his body was deformed.  The brother was very
handsome.  His body was very straight, and he could run and do many
things that Bokwewa could not do.  But he was not as wise as the
humpbacked Manitou.  Bokwewa used to tell his brother how to hunt and
shoot and fish.  Then the brother would go and get the food, and bring
it back to the lodge.  Bokwewa did not go out very much, of course.

One day the brother said, "Bokwewa, I am tired of living so quietly.
Where are all the rest of the people?  I am going away to find them and
to get a wife."

Bokwewa tried to coax him not to go, but the brother was determined.
He made ready for his journey, and departed.  In a few days he
returned, bringing a beautiful maiden with him.  Bokwewa was very kind
to His brother's wife and she was good to him, so they became great
friends.  One day the brother was away hunting.  Bokwewa was sitting by
one side of the fire in the lodge; the wife was sitting on the other
side.  Suddenly the door was opened, and a strong, tall man entered.
He seized the maiden and began to pull her to the door.  She screamed,
and tried to get away from him; but he held her fast.  Bokwewa pulled
and fought with all his strength.  The tall man pushed him against the
door and hurt his back.  Then he dashed out with the maiden, and took
her away with him.

When the brother returned, he found Bokwewa weeping with sorrow; and
when he heard what had happened, he wept also.  Bokwewa tried to
comfort him, but the brother only lay on the bed, refusing to eat
anything, and weeping bitterly.  For several days he stayed there.  At
length he arose and said, "Bokwewa, I am going to the village where
that mighty Manitou lives.  He has stolen my wife."

"Oh, do not go," said Bokwewa, "for that village is many miles to the
south.  The people who live there are idle and know only of pleasure.
They have many snares set by the roadside to catch you.  Do not try to
go amongst them, for you will become like them and think only of
pleasure."

"I am not afraid of anything," said the brother.  "I must go."

"Well, then," said Bokwewa, "I shall tell you of two dangers that lie
in the path.  When you first start, you will find a grape-vine across
your path.  Do not eat any of its fruit, for it is poisonous.  It will
make you become very careless.  Then, farther on you will come across
something that looks like bear's fat.  It is clear, like jelly.  Do not
eat of it, for it is frogs' eggs and will make you forget your home."

The brother promised to remember these warnings, and set out for the
village.

He had not gone very far when he noticed a grape-vine lying across the
road.  The grapes were beautiful and juicy, so he ate some.  Some
distance on he came to a jellylike mass, and he ate it.  This was the
frogs' eggs, and he at once forgot his home and brother, and even his
wife.  He travelled on for two days, and towards evening came in sight
of the large village.  The people in it seemed to be having a good
time.  Some were dancing and singing, and many of the women were
beating corn in golden dishes.  When they saw him coming, they ran out,
shouting, "Here comes Bokwewa's brother to visit us."

They welcomed him with joy, and led him into the village.  In a short
time he was beating corn with the women.  That is the surest sign to
the Indians that a warrior has lost his bravery.

Days and weeks went by, and still he did not try to find his wife,
although she was living in that same village.  Bokwewa waited at home,
hoping each day that his brother would return.  At length, when some
years had gone by, he set out to find him.  As he travelled along the
same road, he passed the grape-vine and the frogs' eggs.  But they held
no danger for him, as he did not taste them.  When he came in sight of
the village, he felt sorry for the people, who were wasting their lives
in idle games and other pleasures.  As he came closer, the people ran
out, shouting, "Oh, Bokwewa has come to visit us!  The good Bokwewa of
whom we have heard so much!  Welcome to our village!"

Bokwewa entered with them and found his brother.  He was still beating
corn with the women, and seemed very happy.  Bokwewa coaxed him to come
home, but he would not listen.  He seemed content to stay there and do
no work.  This made Bokwewa very sorry, for he knew his brother was no
longer a brave warrior.  When evening came Bokwewa went down to the
riverside.  There he changed himself into one of those hair snakes
sometimes seen in running water.  After a while, the wife came down
with a pitcher to get some water.

"Pick me up," said the hair snake, "and leave me in your pitcher."

The wife did as she was told, and took the pitcher to her lodge.

That night the Manitou who had stolen her wanted a drink.  In the dark
he did not see the hair snake in the water, so drank it.  In a few
minutes he was dead.  Then Bokwewa returned to his former shape.  He
went again to his brother and tried to make him come home.  But the
brother refused.  Bokwewa told him that these pleasures would not last
forever, and his tears fell as he saw that his brother would not come.
So he said good-bye to him and disappeared.

After Bokwewa had gone, the brother seemed to remember parts of his
past life.  He looked around and saw his wife at a little distance.  At
once he remembered everything, and going to her, he wept and begged her
to forgive him and his neglect.  She kissed him fondly, and then hand
in hand they walked away from the treacherous land of pleasure, back to
the lodge where Bokwewa waited for them.




THE TRIBE THAT GREW OUT OF A SHELL

Once, when the land along the Missouri River was uninhabited, save by
the beaver and other animals, a snail lay asleep on the bank of the
river.  One day the waters began to rise, and soon came up to where he
lay.  They swept him out, and he was carried some miles down by the
current.  When the waves lowered, he found himself bedded deep in the
mud.  He tried to free himself, but he could not.  He was hungry and
tired, and at last became so discouraged that he would not try any more.

Then a strange thing happened.  He felt his shell crack, and his head
began to rise upright.  His body and legs grew and lengthened, and at
last he felt arms stretching out from his sides.  Then he stood
upright--a MAN.

He felt very stupid at first, but after a while some thoughts came to
him.  He knew he was hungry and wished he were a snail again; for he
knew how to get food as a snail, but not as a man.  He saw plenty of
birds, but did not know how to kill them.  He wandered on through the
forest, until he became so tired that he lay down to rest.

He heard a gentle voice speaking to him, and looking up, he saw the
Great Spirit, who was seated on a snow-white horse.  His eyes shone
like stars, and his hair like threads of gold.

"Wasbashas, why are you trembling?"

"I am frightened," replied the man, "because I stand before the One who
raised me from the ground.  I am faint from hunger, for I have eaten
nothing since I left the shell in the bank of the river."

"Look, Wasbashas," said the spirit, as he drew forth a beautiful bow
and arrow.  Putting an arrow into the bow, he aimed at a bird in a tree
near by.  He shot, and the bird fell.  A deer passed just then, and the
spirit shot it, also.

"Now, Wasbashas," said the spirit, "I shall show you how to skin this
deer, and show you how to make a blanket.  Then you must learn to cook
the flesh.  I shall give you the gift of fire.  For now that you are a
man, you must not eat raw food.  You shall be placed at the head of all
the animals and birds."

After the spirit had shown him the things he had promised, both horse
and rider arose in the air and vanished.

Wasbashas walked on down the river until he came to a place where a
beaver was lying.

"Good-day," said the beaver.  "Who are you?"

"I am a man.  The Great Spirit raised me from a shell, and now I am
head of all the animals.  And who are you?"

"I am a beaver.  Will you come with me until I show you how we build
our lodges?"

Wasbashas followed the beaver and watched him cut down a tree with his
teeth.  Then the animal showed him how they dammed up the river, by
letting the trees fall across it and filling the spaces between with
mud and leaves.

"Now will you come and visit my lodge?" said the beaver chief.  He led
Wasbashas to his neat lodge made of clay and shaped like a cone.  The
floor was carpeted with mats.  The beaver's wife and daughter received
the stranger kindly.  They busied themselves getting a meal ready, and
soon brought dishes of peeled poplar and alder bark.  Wasbashas did not
like the taste of it, but managed to eat a few pieces.  The beavers
seemed to enjoy the meal very much.

Wasbashas had been watching the daughter, and he liked her nice, tidy
ways and the respect she showed her father.  In the evening he asked
the chief if he would give the maiden to him for his bride.  The chief
was very pleased at the idea, for he liked Wasbashas.

The beaver invited all the animals to the feast, which was to be held
the next day.  Early the following morning they began to arrive.  First
came the beavers, each bringing a present of a lump of clay on his flat
tail.  Next came the otters, each bringing a large fish in his mouth.
Later in the morning came the minks, the water-rats, and the weasels,
all very proud to accept the invitation of the great chief of the
beavers.

When the animals had all assembled, the beavers held a council among
themselves.  After talking for some time they invited the other animals
to follow them.  And going a short distance down the river bank, they
stopped.  Each beaver took the lump of clay he had brought with him and
placed it near the water's edge.  Then they began to build a
dome-shaped lodge of small pieces of trees and the clay.  After several
hours of steady work it was finished, and then they went to the chief's
lodge, where the feast was to be held.

When the meal was over the snail man and the beaver maiden were led to
their lodge, which was the wedding-gift of the beavers.  Here they
lived happy ever after.  Many years later their descendants were called
the Osages tribe of Indians.




THE STORY OF THE INDIAN CORN

Some years ago the Ottawa Indians inhabited the Manatoline Islands.
Their enemies were the Iroquois Indians, who lived on the lake shore
near the islands.  One night they came and attacked the Ottawas.  The
two tribes fought for a long time, but at last the Iroquois won, and
the Ottawas were driven away from their islands.  They wandered off
towards the Mississippi River, where they settled near a small lake,
many miles away from their home.

The Manatoline Islands were now uninhabited, except by an Indian
magician, whose name was Masswaweinini.  He remained behind to act as
sentry for his tribe.  He guarded the beautiful islands and kept a
close watch on their enemy, the Iroquois.  Two young boys stayed with
him to paddle his canoe.  In the daytime they used to paddle close to
the shore, so that the Iroquois could not see them, and at night they
slept in the deep woods.

One morning Masswaweinini rose early and left the two boys asleep.  He
walked a long distance through the woods, hunting for game.  At last he
found himself on the edge of a wide prairie.  He began to walk across
it, when a man suddenly appeared in front of him.  He was very tiny and
had some red feathers in his hair.  "Good-morning, Masswaweinini," he
said.  "You are a very strong man, are you not?"

"Yes," replied the magician.  "I am as strong as any man, but no
stronger."

The tiny man then pulled out his tobacco-pouch and pipe.

"Come and smoke with me," he said, "and then we must have a wrestling
match.  If you can throw me, you must say, 'I have thrown Wagemena.'"

So they smoked together, but when the little man was ready to wrestle,
the magician did not like to do it, for he was afraid he might hurt the
tiny fellow.  But the other insisted, and so they began to wrestle.
The magician soon found that the little man was very strong and quick,
and he felt himself growing weaker every moment.  But at last he
succeeded in tripping the man with the red feathers, and he fell.  Then
the magician said, "I have thrown you, Wagemena."  At once the little
man vanished, and in his place lay an ear of corn, with a red tassel
where the feathers had been.  As he stood staring at it, the corn
spoke.  "Pick me up," it said, "and pull off my outer covering.  Then
take off my kernels and scatter them over the ground.  Break my cob
into three parts and throw them near the trees.  Depart, but come back
after one moon, and see what has happened."

The magician did exactly as the corn had told him, and went away.  At
the end of the time he came back.  To his surprise, he found green
blades of corn coming through the ground where the kernels had been
scattered.  And near the trees pumpkin-vines were growing where the
cobs of the corn had been thrown.

He had not told the young boys of his adventure with the tiny man, so
he did not tell them anything of the growing corn.  All the rest of
that summer he busied himself in closely watching the Iroquois, who
were still prowling near the islands.  Very often he killed a deer, and
the boys would cook the meat over their camp-fire.  One day, when the
summer was nearly over, he paddled his canoe around the island till he
came near the wrestling ground.  He stepped ashore, and left the two
boys to watch the canoe, while he walked to the field.  To his great
astonishment, he found the corn in full ear, and the pumpkins of an
immense size.  He pulled some ripened ears of corn and gathered some
pumpkins.  Then a voice spoke to him from the corn.  "You have
conquered me, Masswaweinini," it said.  "If you had not done so, you
would have been killed yourself.  But your strength made you win the
victory, and now you shall always have my body for food.  It will be
nourishment for you and your tribe."

Thus the Ottawa Indians were given the gift of the maize; and to this
day their descendants are noted for the care that they take of their
immense fields of corn.




THE MAGICIAN OF LAKE HURON

The Manatoline, or Spirit, Islands were supposed to be a favorite abode
of the Manitous, or spirits.  Perhaps that is why many strange things
happened there.  One night, as Masswaweinini, the magician, was lying
asleep, a sound of voices wakened him.  "This is Masswaweinini," said
the first voice; "we must have his heart."

"How shall we get it?" said the second voice.

"I shall put my hand into his mouth," said the first, "and pull it out
that way."

The magician felt a hand being slipped between his teeth.  He waited
until the fingers were all in his mouth, then he bit them hard and they
came off.  He heard a cry, then the strangers disappeared.  In the
morning he arose, but could find no trace of any one.  But when he came
down to the water's edge, he saw a canoe with two people in it.  They
were sitting at each end of the canoe, with their arms stretched out.
When he came close to them, he saw they were fairies, and that they had
been turned to stone.  One of them had lost the fingers of one hand, so
he knew they were his enemies of the night before.  The canoe was laden
with bags of all kinds of treasures, and it was the most beautiful boat
he had ever seen.  He lifted out the stone figures and put them in the
woods.  As he turned away, one of the figures spoke to him.

"Masswaweinini," it said, "the canoes of the Ottawa Indians will, after
this, always be well laden like our canoe.  Your tribe was driven from
their land by their cruel enemies, but they shall be rewarded for their
bravery.  The Mighty Spirit will help them, and they shall be given
many treasures in their new home."

The magician then went back to the boat and lifted out the bags.  He
carried the boat and hid it among the trees.  When he opened the bags,
he found meat and fish and many other things, and took them to his camp.

As he rested in his lodge that night, he would have been very happy, if
he had not been so sorry for his old father and mother.  He thought of
them many miles away with none of the comforts he had.  "I shall go and
bring them," he said.  He had only to think of going when at once he
could move like the wind.  So before morning he found himself at the
poor, little camp of his parents.  They were still asleep, so without
making any noise, he took them in his arms and carried them back to his
lodge.  When they awakened in the morning, they were delighted to find
themselves with their son.  All day long they wandered through the
fields and by the shore, and were as happy as children.  As the days
and weeks went by, they seemed to grow happier still.   But one night
the magician saw his old father look in his tobacco-pouch and then sigh.

"I know what it is you want, my father, it is tobacco; you have not had
any for many moons.  Now I shall get some."

"How can you do that?" asked the father, in surprise.  "You are
surrounded by enemies and cut off from all supplies."

"I shall make my enemies give me some," said the magician.

That night he set out on a long journey across the frozen lake.  So
swiftly did he travel, that by morning he had reached the village of
his enemies.  They were surprised to see him, but invited him into
their lodges.  "I thank you," he said, "but I shall not go into any
lodge.  I shall build a fire on the shore of the lake."

He made himself a tent with the branches of trees, built a fire, and
sat beside it.

"Why have you come to visit us?" asked the chief.

"I want some tobacco for my father," replied the magician.

"Is that all?" said the Indian.  "You shall have it;" and he opened his
tobacco-pouch and gave some tobacco to Masswaweinini.  The other
Indians did the same, so now the magician had a large supply to take
home.  When it became dark, he lay down to sleep beside his fire.  In
the middle of the night, the chief and some Indians rushed in,
shouting, "You are a dead man."

"No, I am not," said the magician, "but you are."  With his tomahawk he
hit left and right.  In a few minutes six lay dead beside him.  Then he
wrapped his blanket around him, gathered up his tobacco, and set off.
By evening he had reached his father's lodge, and spread out his gift
before him.  The old man was delighted with the present, and thanked
him many times for his kindness.  When spring came, the magician built
a beautiful lodge for his parents on the edge of the wrestling ground,
and all through the summer they watched the corn and pumpkins grow.




THE FAIRIES' CLIFF

An Indian chief once had ten daughters.  They were all very beautiful,
especially the youngest.  When they grew to be women, nine of them
married handsome, young warriors.  But the youngest maiden would not
listen to any of the young men who came to see her at her father's
lodge.  After a while, she married an old man with gray hair, and so
feeble that he could hardly walk.  Her father and sisters were very
angry, but she would not listen to them.  She said only, "I am very
happy, and so nothing else matters."

One evening, the father asked his ten daughters and their husbands to
come to his lodge for a feast.  On the way there, the nine sisters kept
saying, as they looked at the youngest maiden and her husband: "Our
poor sister, is it not a pity she is married to such an old man?  See,
he can hardly walk.  Would it not be a good thing if he were to fall
and kill himself?"

As they were saying this, they noticed that the old man kept looking up
at the Evening Star, and every once in a while he would utter a low
call.

"See," said one of the sisters, "he thinks the Evening Star is his
father and is calling to him."

Just then, they were passing a hollow log which lay by the roadside.
When the old man noticed it, he suddenly dropped on his hands and knees
and crawled in at one end.  When he came out at the other end, he was
no longer an old man; he had been changed into a tall, handsome, young
chief.  But his wife was no longer a beautiful maiden.  She had been
changed into a bent, old woman, hobbling along with a stick.  The young
husband was very kind to her and took good care of her all the rest of
the way to the father's lodge.  He seemed very sorry that she had been
changed like this, but he loved her just the same as before.  During
the feast the young husband heard a voice speak to him.  It seemed to
come from the skies.  Looking up, he saw the Evening Star shining in
through a crack in the roof.

"My son," the Star said to him, "many years ago an evil spirit changed
you into an old man, but that spirit has now lost its power.  You are
free, and may come home and live with me.  Your wife shall be beautiful
once more, and you shall have everything you can wish for."

The others had not heard this voice, so they were very much surprised
when they felt the lodge begin to rise in the air.  As it floated
upwards, the bark changed into beautiful silver gauze.  It was now a
lodge made of wings of insects.  The young chief looked at his wife and
saw that she was a beautiful maiden once more.  Her dress was changed
into one of shining, green silk, and her stick became a silver feather.
The sisters and their husbands had been changed into birds with
bright-colored feathers.  Some were parrots, some blue jays, some
singing birds that flew around and sang their sweet songs.  At the side
of the lodge was a large cage for the birds.  Upwards, the lodge
floated till they found themselves in the Evening Star.  Everything was
silvery white here and very peaceful.  The Star was very glad to see
his son.

"Hang up that cage of birds which you have brought with you by the
lodge door, and then come and sit down while we talk."

The young chief did as he was told.  He sat on one side of his father,
while his wife sat on the other, and the Star father told them many
stories.

"You must be careful," he said, "not to let the beams of the next star
shine on you.  That is the Evil Star which turned you into an old man.
If it shines on you again, you might once more be changed, so be very
careful."

The young chief promised to remember his father's warnings, and he
always kept away from the Evil Star.  They lived happily together for
several years.  Then one day their young son wanted to learn to hunt.
He had heard that the people on the earth could shoot with bow and
arrows, and he wished to learn.  The Evening Star did not like to
refuse his young grandson anything, so he made him a little bow and
arrows.  He showed him how to use them; then said, "I shall open the
bird-cage and let out the birds.  You may try to shoot them, if you
like."

This delighted the young boy, and so for many days he tried to shoot a
bird.  His arrows always fell to one side.  But he kept on trying, and
one day the arrow sank deep in the breast of one of the birds.  The boy
was very proud, but what was his surprise, when he went to pick up the
bird, to find that it had changed into a beautiful maiden with an arrow
sticking in her breast.  It was one of his aunts, who had been changed
back into her earthly form.  As her blood fell on the ground of this
pure and spotless planet, the spell was broken.

The boy felt himself sinking down through the air.  He fell slowly, as
if he had wings.  At last his feet touched the ground, and he found
himself on a high, rocky island.  He was delighted to see his aunts and
uncles all following him.  They floated down through the air until at
last they too reached the rock.  Then came the silvery lodge, with his
father and mother, with its bark looking like the shining wings of
insects.  The lodge sank down until it reached the cliff, and there
they all made their home.  They had been given back their earthly
bodies, but were only the size of fairies.

The top of the cliff, which had been bare before, now grew soft with
green grass.  In the grass, bright flowers blossomed, and tiny pools of
water glistened here and there.  The fairies were all very happy to
have been given such a beautiful home, and, looking up, they thanked
the Evening Star.  His soft beams fell on them and they heard his
gentle voice say, "Be happy, my children, until I call you again to
your home in the sky.  I shall keep watch over you until then."  So
from that time they have been very contented.

On calm summer evenings, they always come out on top of the rock to
dance and sing.  And when the moon is shining very brightly, you may
see the silver lodge on the very highest part of the cliff; you may
also, if you listen very hard, hear the voices of the happy little
dancers.




THE STONE CANOE

Once a beautiful Chippewa maiden died on the day she was to have
married a brave, young warrior.  He was very brave, but this sorrow was
almost too great for him to bear.  He sat down at the door of his lodge
and would not go hunting with the other Indians.

All that he could think of was the dead maiden, and he wished and
wished that he might go to the Land of Souls, where he knew she now
lived.  But he did not know where this land was.  All that the old
people could tell him was that it lay to the south.  So, after
sorrowing for many days, he made up his mind to try to find it.  He put
some food in a bag, gathered up his arrows and bow, and calling his dog
to him, started off.  On he went for many days, and everything looked
the same as in the land he had left--forests, hills, and valleys, with
snow lying thick on the ground and matted in the trees.  Then gradually
the snow began to vanish, and as he went on he saw trees with leaves
budding on them, and could hear the songs of birds.  At the end of a
few more days, he had reached the southern land, where all is warm and
bright.  There he saw a narrow path leading through a forest and up a
hill.

He followed this path, and at the top of the hill found a lodge.  At
the door of the lodge stood an Indian, dressed in a robe of bearskins.
He was a very old man, but his eyes were bright and soft.

"Come in, my grandson," he said.  "I have been expecting you.  The
maiden whom you seek passed here a few days ago.  You may follow her
and enter the Land of Souls, but you must leave your body behind with
me.  My lodge is the gateway into that beautiful land, and you do not
need your body there, nor your arrows, nor your bow.  Leave them with
me and I shall keep them safe for you.  Look yonder!  Do you see that
deep gorge and the beautiful plain beyond?  That is the Land of Souls,
and the one you seek is already there."

Suddenly the young man felt himself grow very light, and his feet began
to run as though they were winged.  Everything looked the same to him,
only more beautiful, and the little animals did not seem afraid.  They
seemed to know that he would not kill them.  As he went on swiftly
through the forest, he noticed that the trees did not stop him.  He
seemed to pass right through them, and he saw then that they were only
images of trees.

At last he came to a beautiful lake, whose waters were clear and
sparkling.  In the centre of this lake was an island, with green grass
and flowers and birds.  Then, to his joy, he noticed a canoe tied to
the shore of the lake.  It was made of shining, white stone and had
paddles that shone, also.  He climbed in and pushed away from the
shore, and, to his surprise, he saw the maiden whom he loved, in a
canoe exactly like his, floating beside him.  They kept close together
and began to cross the lake.  Its waves seemed to be rising, and at a
distance looked ready to swallow them up.  But when the huge waves drew
close, they passed by and left them unharmed, and the maiden and her
lover saw that they were only the shapes of waves.  But another thing
frightened them.  It was _the clearness of the water_, for as they
looked down, they could see the bodies of people who had been drowned.
And in the water all along, there were men and women of all ages
struggling and sinking in the waves.  Only the canoes of the little
children floated on in safety.

At last their canoes reached the shore of the island, and jumping out,
they roamed joyfully over the soft grass.  They felt that the very air
was food, and thought only of great things.  For there was nothing that
was sad here in this land, no cold winds, no hunger--only brightness
and joy.

As the warrior, wandered by the maiden's side, he heard the voice of
the Master of Life speaking to him.  "Go back," he said, "to the land
whence you came.  Your work is not completed yet.  Go back and be a
good man, and do all the work that I send to you.  You must leave the
spirit whom you love, but she shall wait here for you, for she is
accepted, and shall always remain young and happy.  When your work is
finished, I shall call you also from the land of hunger and tears, to
come to this beautiful Land of Souls."

So the young man said farewell to the maiden, and getting into the
canoe, he was carried across the lake.  In a few minutes, he was at the
lodge of the old man.  The Indian smiled when he saw him.

"Enter, my grandson," he said, "and you will find your body within."

The young man obeyed, and when he came forth he felt as when he had
first arrived.  But his heart was brave now.  The Indian smiled again
at him.

"I see how brave and strong you are," he said, "and my message to you
is: always remain cheerful and brighten every sad life that you see."

The young man promised to obey the message, and, with one long look at
the Land of Souls, he turned and began his journey towards his home.




THE WHITE FEATHER

An old man and his grandson once lived together on an island.  The
little boy had no father, nor mother, nor brothers, nor sisters.  They
had all been killed by six giants, who lived many miles away.  The
little boy had never seen any person but his grandfather.  They lived
very happily together.  The old man loved the boy and was kind to him.
As the little fellow grew tall and strong, the old man taught him how
to hunt, so that by the time he was a young man he was a good hunter.

One day when he was walking in the woods, he heard a voice calling to
him.  He turned in surprise, for he had never heard any one but his
grandfather speak.  He could see no one, but again he heard the voice.
It was saying, "You will some day be the wearer of the White Feather."

He looked all around him, and then noticed something that he had taken
for a withered tree.  It was a man who was made of wood from his breast
down to his feet.  He seemed to be very old, and was fastened to the
ground.  When he saw the young man was looking at him, he said, "Come
here, I wish to tell you something.  There was an old belief in your
tribe that some day a boy would grow up to be a very great warrior.  He
was to wear a white feather as a sign of his bravery and great skill.
You are that boy.  When you go home, you will find there a white
feather, a pipe, and a tobacco-pouch.  Put the white feather in your
hair.  Then smoke the pipe, and you will find that the smoke will turn
into pigeons.  This is another sign that you will be wise and good."

The old man ceased speaking, and the young grandson returned home to
his lodge.  He found the feather and the pipe both lying there.  He did
as the old man told him, and when he smoked, blue and white pigeons
flew away from his pipe.  His grandfather saw the pigeons fly out of
the lodge door, and he felt very sad.  For he knew that his little
grandson was a young man now, and would soon be leaving him.  Then he
went in, and they talked together for a long time.  He told the young
man all about the six giants who had killed his brothers and sisters,
and White Feather said, "I shall go at once in search of them and kill
them, because they were so cruel to all our tribe."

"No, do not go yet," said the old grandfather.  "Wait awhile until you
grow a little more and are stronger."

The young man promised to wait for a few months.

One day he was again hunting in the woods, when he passed near the
wooden man.  He heard him speak and say:

"White Feather, listen to me.  In a few days you must go in search of
the giants.  They live in a high lodge in the centre of this wood.
When you reach there, you must ask them to race with you, one at a
time.  Take this vine," handing him at the same time a thin, green
vine.  "It is enchanted, so they will not be able to see it.  When you
are running, throw it over their heads and they will trip and fall."
White Feather thanked the old man, and took it home and showed it to
his grandfather.

A few days later he set out in search of the giants.  He had not
journeyed far when he saw their lodge.  When they saw him coming, they
called out, "Oh, here comes White Feather.  Here is the little man who
is going to do such brave deeds."  But when he came closer to them,
they pretended they liked him, and told him how brave he was.  They did
that to make him think they were friends, but he did not believe them,
as he knew they were his enemies.  He asked them if they would race
him, and they said, "Yes."

"Begin with the smallest of us," said the biggest giant.  So they
began.  They had to run to a peel-tree and back again to the
starting-point.  This point was marked by an iron club, and whoever won
the race was to take up the club and kill the other one with it.  When
they had nearly reached the peel-tree, White Feather threw the vine
over the youngest giant's head.  He tripped and fell.  Then White
Feather ran up and seized the club and killed the giant.  The next day
he raced the second youngest, and killed him in the same manner.  Each
day he did this, until only the biggest giant was left.  Now this giant
was the most dangerous of them all.  He knew that, if he ran, White
Feather would kill him, too, so he made up his mind that he would not
race.  White Feather said he was going home to see his grandfather
before he ran this last race.  As he was passing through the woods, the
wooden man called to him.

"Listen to me," he said.  "That tall giant is going to play a trick on
you.  When you are on your way back to his lodge, you will meet a most
beautiful maiden.  Do not listen to her, but change yourself into an
elk.  Remember this and obey me."  The young man promised to remember.
He spent the day with his grandfather, then made his way back to the
giant's lodge.  He had nearly reached it, when he saw the beautiful
maiden coming towards him.  She called to him, but he did not listen.
He changed himself into an elk, and began eating the grass.  Then she
told him how mean he was to change himself into an elk, just because
she was coming.  He felt very sorry that she should think he was rude,
and he wished he were a man again.  At once he became himself, and
began to talk to the maiden.  Now she was really the big giant, who had
changed himself into this form.  After a while White Feather grew tired
and lay down on the grass to sleep.  When he was sound asleep, the
maiden drew forth an axe and broke his back.  She then changed him into
a dog and herself back into the giant, who made the dog follow at his
heels.

On the way to the giant's lodge, there was an Indian village where two
sisters lived.  They had heard of White Feather, and both wished that
he would choose her for his wife.  They looked out and saw the giant
coming with the white feather in his hair, for he had taken the feather
and put it in his own hair.  They thought he was the brave warrior of
whom they had heard so much.  The elder sister had made her lodge look
very gaudy, and had dressed herself in all her beads and quills.  The
younger sister had left her tent just as it was, and was dressed
neatly.  When the giant came along, he chose the elder sister.  She
would have nothing to do with the dog, but the younger sister felt
sorry for it and let it come and live in her lodge.

The giant used to go hunting each day, but he never succeeded in
killing very many animals.  The dog used to go out also, and he always
brought back a beaver, a bear, or some other animal for food.  This
made the giant and his wife jealous.  So they made up their minds that
they would tell the chief that his younger daughter was treating a dog
with too much kindness.  When they had gone, the dog made signs to the
maiden for her to sweat him the way the Indians do.  She made a lodge
for him just big enough to hold him.  Then she heated some stones until
they were very hot.  She put these stones in the lodge beside him, and
poured water on them.  In a minute the lodge was full of steam.  She
closed the door and left him there.  After a while he came forth, a
handsome, young man, but he could not speak.

When the giant and his wife told the chief about the dog who was such a
great wonder, he felt sure there was some magic in it.  So he gathered
a band of young men, and sent them to bring the daughter and the dog to
his lodge.  What was their surprise to find a handsome, young man
instead of the dog.  They all went together to the lodge of the chief,
who had gathered together all the other men of the village, the giant
among them.  When the young man entered, he made a sign to put the
white feather in his hair.  The chief took it from the giant's head,
and put it on the young man's.  At once he was able to talk.  He then
told them to smoke from his pipe.  It went around the circle until it
reached him.  When he began to smoke, blue and white pigeons flew from
the pipe.  Then everybody knew that he was the great warrior, White
Feather.

The chief asked him to tell them all about himself.  He did so very
truthfully, and when the chief learned how wicked and cruel the giant
had been, he ordered that he should be changed into a dog and let loose
in the village, where the boys were to stone him to death.  This order
was carried out.  A few days afterwards, White Feather said good-bye to
the good old chief, and he and the kind maiden returned to his
grandfather.

They found him waiting for them in the forest near the wooden man.  The
grandfather wept for joy when he heard that the last giant was dead.
And the wooden man said, "Now my work is ended;" and with that he
changed into a gnarled oak-tree with withered branches, which seemed to
talk as the wind whistled through them.




THE LONE LIGHTNING

There once lived a lonely little boy whose father and mother were dead.
His uncle took care of him, but did not treat him kindly.  He made him
work very hard and gave him little to eat.  The little fellow grew very
thin, and began to pine away.

Then his uncle changed his way of treating him, and began to fatten
him.  He pretended that he was doing this to make the boy grow strong.
But he really intended to kill him after a while.  He told his wife to
give the boy lots of bear meat to eat.  He made him eat a lot of the
fat as well.  This is supposed to be the best part of the bear's meat.

One day the boy did not want to eat the fat.  His uncle pushed some
down his throat and nearly choked him.  He managed to get away from his
uncle, and ran out of the lodge.  He ran as fast as he could, and by
night he was many miles away.  He found himself in a bush and was
afraid to lie down on the grass for fear the wild beasts would come and
eat him, so he climbed to the top of a tall pine-tree, and rested in
its branches.

As he was sleeping he had a dream.  He thought a spirit came from the
upper world and said, "My dear child, I have seen how cruel your uncle
has been to you, and how brave you are, so I have a deed I want you to
do; come with me."  Then the boy wakened and followed the spirit.  They
went high up in the sky and then the spirit said:

"Over in the north there live many Manitous.  They are bad spirits and
unfriendly to all that are good.  Here are twelve magic arrows; shoot
them at these spirits, and see if you can kill them."

He gave the arrows to the boy, and he at once began to shoot.

His first arrow did not hit any one, and as it flew through the air a
long, single streak of lightning showed where it had gone.  The next
arrow was the same, so he kept on till eleven arrows had been shot.  By
this time the bad spirits were very angry.  The chief of them called
out, "I shall punish you for daring to aim your arrows at us."  Just
then the boy aimed the last arrow at the chief.  As it came near, the
spirit changed himself into a rock, and the arrow sank deep into its
stony side.  But at this instant the boy was changed into the lone
lightning which may be seen in the northern sky on autumn nights.




THE ENCHANTED MOCCASINS

Once on Mackinac Island there lived a little Indian boy and his sister.
They saw only the birds and animals, for no human beings were there but
themselves.  The little boy, instead of playing with his sister, used
to go into the forest and think.  So she thought that he would grow up
to be a very wise man and do some wonderful deeds.  She called him Onwe
Bahmondoong, which means, the boy that carries a ball on his back.

As he grew up, he was very anxious to know where the people lived.  His
sister told him that many miles away there was a village, where
hundreds of warriors and hunters lived.  He asked her to make him six
pairs of moccasins, so that he could go and find the village.  He then
put some food in a bag, took his war-club, and, when the moccasins were
finished, set out on his journey.  As he was saying good-bye to his
sister, she told him that one pair of the moccasins was enchanted.

On he went quickly, over miles of prairie, across little streams, and
through the bush.  When he grew tired, he would lie down and sleep.
When he was rested, he would get up and go on.  So he travelled many
days, and when one pair of moccasins wore out, he put on another pair.

At last he came to a wigwam, in which sat an old woman.  When she saw
him, she called, "Come in, my grandchild."

He entered, and sat down at her feet.

"Where are you going?" she asked him.

"I am going to find the village of the hunters," he answered.

"Oh, beware, my child," she cried.  "Many a brave one of your tribe has
tried to find that village, and none has ever come back.  Take care
they do not kill you, also."

"I am not afraid," the boy replied, his eyes shining.

"Well, listen to me," she said in a low voice.  "I shall give you two
bones which the medicine men use.  They will help you very much."  Then
she told him many things which he was to do when the time came.  When
she had finished, he thanked her, and went his way.

He travelled for two days more, and at last came in sight of the
hunters' village.  It looked as the old woman told him it would.  In
the centre of the village stood a lodge, where the chief, lived.  In
front of this lodge, a tall tree grew.  This tree was stripped of its
bark and branches, and hanging from it, about halfway up, was a small
lodge, wherein lived the chief's two daughters.  It was in this small
lodge that all the Indians had been killed, after they had found the
village.

The boy remembered what the old woman had told him, so he changed
himself into a squirrel.  He ran up the smooth side of the tree.  But
when he had nearly reached the lodge, the tree shot quickly up into the
air, carrying the little house with it.  The boy climbed up higher.
Again the tree shot up in the air.  And the higher he climbed, the
higher the tree went, until at last it stopped.  It could go no
farther, for it had reached the arch of heaven.

When the boy saw this, he changed himself from the squirrel back into a
boy, and entered the lodge.  The two sisters were squatted on the
floor.  He asked them their names.  The one on the left said hers was
Azhabee, which means, one who sits behind.  The girl on the right said
hers was Negahnahbee, which means, one who sits before.  When he spoke
to the girl on the left, the tree began to sink down.  Then when he
spoke to the other sister, it began to shoot up into the air again.
When he noticed this, he continued talking to the girl on the left, and
the tree kept on sinking lower, until at last it was down as it had
been at first.  Then the boy drew out his war-club.

"I am going to kill you," he said to the sisters, "for you have been so
cruel to all my relatives."  Swinging his club, he brought it down on
their heads and killed them both.  Then he jumped from the lodge to the
ground.

As he stood there, he remembered that these two sisters had a brother
and a father, who would be sure to kill him, when they found what he
had done.  So he turned, and ran very quickly.  He had not gone far,
when the father and brother returned.  When they saw the dead girls,
they were very angry.  The father told the brother to follow the boy.

"It must be that boy who killed them," he said, "for he is the only
stranger here.  Follow him, and do not eat until you have killed him.
If you eat, your power is gone."

The brother started off, running even faster than the boy.  When the
boy heard him coming, and knew that he would be caught, he climbed a
tree.  Then he began to shoot magic arrows back at the brother.  But
this did not seem to hurt him.  So the boy got down from the tree, and
ran on again.  Now he could tell that the brother was very close to
him.  So he changed himself into a dead moose, and lay down on the
grass.  He drew out the enchanted moccasins, and whispered to them,
"Travel on and on till you come to the end of the earth."  Away they
went, because they were enchanted, leaving their marks behind them.

When the brother came up he saw only a dead moose, with footmarks
leading away from him.  He followed on, until he came to the end of the
earth.  Then he saw that he had been fooled, that he had been following
only a pair of moccasins.  He was so very angry that he did not know
what to do.  And he felt tired and hungry.  He thought surely he must
eat now.  Then he remembered his dead sisters, and said, "No, I shall
find that boy yet, and kill him."  So he turned back till he came to
the spot where the dead moose had been.  To his surprise it was gone,
and footsteps led away in the opposite direction.

He followed them until he came to a beautiful, old garden, with fruit
trees and flowers in it.  In the garden stood an old house covered with
vines, where a very old man lived.  He was so very old that his two
daughters did everything for him.  Now this old man was really the boy,
who had changed himself this way.  The daughters saw the brother coming.

"Father," they said, "there is such a tired-looking traveller coming up
the road.  May we ask him in?"

"Yes, invite him to enter," answered the father, "and give him
something to eat."

The daughters called to the brother, and invited him in.  He was glad
to enter the cool, shady garden.  They cooked him some hot food and
other nice things, and when he smelt the meal, he could not refuse to
eat, for he had been without food for such a long time, and had
travelled so many miles.  He ate of the food, and as he did so, he
forgot all about his dead sisters, forgot even his home.  A strange,
sleepy feeling came over him, and he fell into a sound sleep.

When the old man saw this, he changed himself back into a boy, and the
garden, house, and daughters disappeared.  Only the sleeping brother
lay there.  The boy quickly drew the ball around from his back, which
turned out to be a magic war-club.  With this he put an end to the
brother.  As he journeyed homewards through the forest he heard the
sound of footsteps behind him.  Turning, he saw nothing; but the sound
was coming nearer.  In a moment a pair of moccasins appeared on the
path.  It was the enchanted moccasins returning from the ends of the
earth.  The boy quickly picked them up and put them in his bag.  Then
he continued gladly on his way and soon reached the lodge, where his
sister came forth to meet him.  She was very proud of his brave deed,
and she and the boy always treasured the enchanted moccasins.




THE FIVE WATER-SPIRITS

Once upon a time a gray, old man lived on the top of a mountain, where
he could see glimpses of the sea.  He had a lodge made of birch bark
that shone like silver in the sun.

He had five beautiful daughters, whose names were Su, Mi, Hu, Sa, and
Er.[1]

One day the youngest said, "My sisters, come and we will go and play
near the broad, blue sea, where the waves beat against the rocks."  So
away they ran out of the lodge and down the mountain side.  They were
all dressed in robes of snow-white foam, that fluttered far behind them
as they ran.  Their sandals were of frozen water-drops, and their wings
of painted wind.  On they scampered over valley and plain, until they
came to a tall, bare rock as high as a mountain.

Then the youngest cried, "Sisters, here is a dreadful leap, but if we
are afraid, and go back, our father will laugh at us."  So, like birds,
they all plunged with a merry skip down the side of the rock.  Then
"Ha-ha," they cried, "let us try again."  So up to the top they
climbed, laughing with joy, and down once more they went, nor ever
stopped, laughing like girls on a holiday.

The day wore on till sunset, and still they laughed and played.  The
round moon came up, and by its silvery light they sprang from the tall,
bare rock, and climbed joyously up its side again.

Next morning, when the sun arose, the rock was no longer bare.  Over
its stony side poured great sheets of foaming water, and in the foam
still played the five sisters.  They never reached the sea, and there
they still play, giving to us the beautiful Niagara Falls.  Sometimes,
if you look closely, their forms may be seen in the white foam, but
always in the sunny spray you may see their sandals and their wings.



[1] Su, Superior; Mi, Michigan; Hu, Huron; Sa, St. Clair; Er, Erie.




THE CANOE BREAKER

Once in a certain tribe there was a young man who had no name.  For it
was the law in that tribe that every youth had to do some deed that
would give to him his name.  This young man had tried in many ways to
do something that would make the chief tell him that he was a great
warrior.  Several times he had tried to kill a bear, but had failed.
He had gone forth in battle, hoping to kill some powerful enemy, but no
one had fallen under his tomahawk.  He had gone on long hunting trips,
hoping to bring home the skin of some wild animal, but had always
returned empty-handed.  So his brave, young heart felt very sad, for
the young men of the tribe laughed at him for not having won a name for
himself.

One summer day, the tribe left their camp on the lake shore and went
back among the hills on a hunting trip.  After they had gone some
distance, the young man left the others and wandered off by himself,
hoping that this time he would kill some animal, and so be no longer
scorned by his companions.  He tramped for many hours through the
forest and over the hills, without catching sight of anything.  At
length, he climbed one hill which was higher than the others, and from
here he could see the small creek which flowed through the hills down
to the lake.  As he was looking at it, he thought he saw some dark
objects along the shore of the creek.  They seemed about the size of
canoes.  He scanned the hills anxiously, and at length could see a band
of Indians making their way along the trail made by the hunters in the
morning.

At once the young man knew there was great danger ahead, for these
Indians, the Shuswaps, were the enemies of his tribe and now were
following their trail, and when they found them, they would kill them.
Quickly the young man made his way down the hill, and through the
forest to the spot where the hunters had camped for their evening meal.
Running up to them, he cried, "Return at once to your lodges.  Our
enemies are now on our trail.  They are in the forest on the other side
of this hill.  I shall return and delay them while you reach your
lodges in safety."

Then, without waiting for a reply, he turned and ran back in the
direction from which he had come, By short cuts through the hills, he
made his way to the creek and found, as he expected, that the Indians
had left their canoes tied at its mouth.  Seizing his tomahawk, he
began to break the canoes, and soon had a hole made in all of them
except one.  Leaving the creek, he mounted the hill and from there
could see the Shuswaps.  He began to wave his arms and call wildly to
attract their chief.  At last they noticed him and began to make their
way towards him.  The young man was delighted, for now he knew that his
tribe could escape in safety, while their enemies were returning
towards the creek.  Soon the Shuswaps neared the top of the hill, and
he knew he must think of some plan to delay them here.  Suddenly he
dropped to the ground and lay there as though insensible.  With a run
the Shuswaps gained the summit and surrounded him.  He lay face
downwards with his arms stretched out.  They turned him over on his
back and peered into his face.  Not a muscle moved; not even his
eyelids quivered.  Then the chief bent over him and felt his heart.
"He has not gone to the Happy Hunting Ground," he said, "but the Great
Spirit has called his spirit to go on a long journey.  It may not be
back for many moons.  Let us place his body under the pine-trees, there
to await the return of the spirit."

The Indians lifted the body of the young man, carried it to a clump of
pine-trees and laid it down.  Then they walked some yards away and held
a council.

As soon as they were a safe distance away, the young man jumped up.  He
ran down the hill, and reaching the canoes, jumped into the unbroken
one and began to paddle down the creek.

The Shuswaps turned and saw him.  With fierce cries, they began to race
down the hillside, and when they arrived at the spot where they had
left their canoes, and saw what had happened, they filled the air with
their angry yells.  The young man was now out on the lake in the canoe,
and they were unable to follow him, as all the other canoes were
wrecked.  They ran angrily along the lake shore, thinking he would land
on their side, but instead, he made his way across the lake to the
other side.

When the young man reached the shore, he again seized his tomahawk, and
this time broke the canoe with which he had saved his life.  The
defeated Shuswaps, standing on the shore, saw him do this, and again
they filled the air with their angry yells.  There was nothing for them
to do but to return to their camp, while the young man made his way
along the lake shore to the village of his tribe.  When he reached
there, he found that he was no longer a man without a name.  His brave
deed had won for him the name of Kasamoldin,--the canoe breaker,--and
ever afterwards in his tribe, and to others, he was known by this name.




THE OLD STUMP

Long ago there was an old woman called Grizzly Bear.  She had neither
husband nor children, and lived all alone in a lodge on the hillside.

As the days went by, she became very lonely, and so she made up her
mind to find a daughter for herself.  She took some pitch and fashioned
a girl out of it.  Then she put this figure out beside the river, and
it began to move and speak.

"You are my daughter now," Grizzly Bear said to the girl, "and you
shall live with me in my lodge.  Every day you may bathe in the river,
but, when you have finished, you must come at once into the shade of
the lodge, instead of drying yourself in the sunshine."

The girl promised to do this and for three days she obeyed her mother's
commands, but on the fourth day she thought she would see what would
happen to her, if she sat on the bank in the sunshine.  So, when she
had finished bathing, she seated herself on a stone by the river.  The
sun was very hot, and in a few minutes the young girl had melted and
disappeared.

When Grizzly Bear learned what had happened, she felt very sorrowful,
but she was still determined to find another daughter for herself.

This time she took some clay and fashioned a girl from it.  When the
girl moved and spoke, she told her she might bathe in the river every
day and might seat herself in the sunshine to dry, but she must not rub
herself while in the water.  This command the girl obeyed for three
days.  On the fourth day, she thought she would see what would happen
to her if she rubbed herself while she was in the water.  So, when she
went in to bathe, she began to rub herself and at once broke into
pieces and melted away.

When Grizzly Bear saw what had happened, she again was very sorrowful,
and this time she made up her mind to make a daughter who could not
destroy herself.  So, taking a block of wood, she fashioned a girl from
it.  When the wood came to life, Grizzly Bear told her that she might
bathe every day in the river and bask in the sun if she liked.

The daughter did this for three days, and on the fourth, as she was
standing by the riverside, she saw a large trout leap out the water.

"What a beautiful trout," said the girl to herself.  "How I wish I had
it."

Three times the trout leaped out of the water, and the fourth time it
landed on the shore by her feet.  At once it changed into a handsome,
young man.

"Come with me," he said to the girl.  "I have a beautiful home beneath
the water.  Come with me and be my wife, and you shall live happy all
the rest of your days."

The girl said she would go.  Then he told her to get on his back and to
shut her eyes as he leaped into the water.  She must keep them shut
until he told her to look.  She promised to obey him, but, scarcely
were they beneath the water, when she opened her eyes to see where they
were.  At once she found herself alone on the bank of the river.

The next day the same thing happened.  She opened her eyes before they
had reached the underwater world, and again she found herself alone on
the bank.  This happened once more on the third day, but on the fourth
she succeeded in keeping her eyes closed until her husband told her to
open them.

She found herself in a beautiful country, much like the one she had
come from.  There were homes and gardens and children here, and she
knew she would be very happy.

As the years went by, two children were born, a boy and a girl.  One
day they came to their mother and told her that the other children had
taunted them with having no grandmother.

"Yes, you have a grandmother," she replied.  "She lives in a lodge near
the river.  You may go above the water to-day and visit her home, but
you must make sure first that she is digging roots on the hillside, for
she must not see you."

The children promised and went at once above the water.  They saw the
lodge, and an old woman digging roots.  Very quietly, they made their
way to the home of their grandmother.  They found some food on the
table and helped themselves.  Then they went back to tell their mother
all they had seen.

Three days they did this, but Grizzly Bear had missed the food each
day, and knew that no one but grandchildren would enter her lodge this
way and take her food.  So, the fourth day, she commanded an old stump
to look like an old woman digging roots, and to move as the children
passed.  Going back to her lodge, she prepared some powerful medicine,
and then hid herself behind some deerskins.

In a little while the children entered and began to eat the food.  The
old woman quickly sprang out and threw the medicine over them.  The boy
was completed covered with it, while only a few drops fell on the girl.
At once the boy changed into his proper form, and was a handsome young
Indian; while the girl was changed into a little black dog.

Grizzly Bear told the boy that she was his grandmother, and that he
must live with her now, but she did not tell him that the dog was his
sister.  She only said, "You must take great care of this little dog,
and never beat or ill use it."

The boy promised, and every day he would go forth with his bow and
arrows to shoot birds, while the little dog ran beside him.  One day he
was shooting red-headed woodpeckers.  Three times he had killed a bird,
and the little dog ran ahead and ate it before he could reach her.  The
boy became very angry at this, and, when she did it for the fourth
time, he struck her a hard blow with his arrow.

At once the dog cried, "Why are you treating me thus, and I am your
sister?"  As soon as she had said this, she ran away.  The boy
followed, but before he could catch it, the dog had turned into a
chickadee and had flown away.  The sorrowing boy returned to his
grandmother, and told her everything that had happened.

"Why did you not tell me that the dog was my sister?" he asked.

"If I had told you," she replied, "you would have been more sorrowful
than you are now."  Then she added, "Listen to me, my grandson; when
you are shooting, if an arrow should lodge in a tree where it is too
high for you to reach, do not climb to get it."

The boy promised to remember this command, and three times when an
arrow pierced a tree above his reach, he gave it up as lost, but the
fourth time he forgot the command.  Seeing his arrow only a few inches
above his head in the bark of the tree, he began to climb for it.  Just
as his hand touched it, the arrow moved farther up.  He climbed higher
and, as he reached it, again it moved up.  This went on until the arrow
and the boy were out of sight in the clouds.

Neither the boy nor his sister was ever seen again, and Grizzly Bear,
who had been watching from the ground, was left there all alone.  And
there she still stands, looking just like the stump of an old tree, but
the Indians know who it is, and as they pass by, they place an offering
on the withered stump.




THE CLIFF OF SINIKIELT

Once long ago there was a chief of the Okanagan Indians called Tserman.
He was very brave and very daring, and he stopped at nothing when he
wanted to have his own way.  The village of the Okanagans lay in a
beautiful valley; to the north-west lay the hunting grounds of the
Nicolas, who had been enemies of the Okanagans for years.  Now the
chief of the Nicolas had a lovely daughter, Lalita, and Chief Tserman
fell in love with this beautiful maiden.  He knew there was no use
asking her father to give him Lalita, so he made up his mind to steal
her.

One dark night he saddled his black pony, which could run faster than
any other horse of the tribe, and, under cover of the darkness, he made
his way over the hills and down the valley until he came to the camp of
the Nicolas.  All was very still in the camp, for it was late and the
Indians were all tired, for they had just returned from a long hunting
trip.  Tserman could see the small, white lodge of Lalita close beside
that of her father.

Leaving his horse standing beside a tall pine-tree, he crept cautiously
towards Lalita's wigwam.  When he reached the opening, he remained very
still and listened.  There was not a stir or sound of any one moving in
the camp.  Throwing aside the curtain, he quickly entered the lodge,
snatched Lalita from her couch, and in an instant had her beside him on
his horse and was galloping rapidly back to the village of the
Okanagans.

The Nicolas, roused by the sound of the horse's hoofs, jumped up
hastily.  At once they knew what had happened, for the curtain of
Lalita's lodge was still thrown back.  The chief ordered his warriors
to mount their ponies and quickly follow in pursuit.  And soon, in the
darkness, the sound of their ponies could be heard as they raced wildly
after the flying chief.  But Tserman's horse could run much faster than
any horse in the mountains, and before the Nicolas were halfway to the
village, he and Lalita were safe within his lodge.  On came the
Nicolas, and at last only one hill lay between them and the village of
their enemies.  To go around this hill would be many miles, so, leaving
their horses at the foot, they began to climb its slippery side.  At
length they reached the top, but they did not know that this was a
sheer cliff they had climbed, and that at its foot, between them and
the Okanagan village, there flowed a deep river.

One of their warriors, Sinikielt, wanted to go ahead and find out the
best way to reach the village and surround it.  He crept forward in the
darkness, and with a wild cry fell over the steep cliff into the river
beneath.  His cry rang out through the night and was heard by the
Okanagans on the other side of the river.  Quickly the camp was
aroused, and going forth, the warriors encircled the hill.  When the
morning came, the Okanagans began to climb the hill to attack their
enemies.  The Nicolas saw them coming and knew there was nothing for
them but certain death.  The Okanagans were many and strong and were
well armed.  The Nicolas were only a few warriors, and if they remained
to fight, they were sure of being either killed or taken prisoners.
There was only one thing for them to do.  Turning their backs on their
fast-approaching enemies, they made one running leap from the cliff to
the river below and sank forever in its waters.

Many years after, when Tserman had gone to the happy hunting ground and
his son Lemichin was made chief in his stead, there came sad days to
Lalita.  Lemichin was a great warrior and strong and handsome like his
father, but he cared nothing for the good of his tribe.  His only
thought was his own pleasure.  Little by little he gambled away all his
possessions, until nothing was left but his saddle-horse.  Then one
night that was lost, too.  Lalita begged him to turn from his evil
ways, but he made her no reply.  Going forth from the lodge, he made
his way to the hills and remained there for one moon.  At the end of
that time he returned to the tribe.  Going to his mother, he said:

"Lalita, when I was in the hills, I fasted and then I slept, and in my
dreams my father came to me.  He told me what to do to make my evil
life turn into a good one.  First, I must make peace with the Nicolas.
After that I must win my way back until I am a great chief, like my
father was before me."

"My son," said Lalita, "this is indeed a happy thing you have told me,
and great indeed is the spirit of your father which has come to you and
told you what to do."

The next day Lemichin sent a messenger of peace to the Nicolas.  Their
old chief, Lalita's father, sent back word that there would be no more
fighting between the tribes, but that the Nicolas and the Okanagans
could never be friends.  Lemichin made no answer when this message was
brought to him.  Going forth, he began gambling again.  Lalita followed
him and begged him to return with her, to forsake these evil ways.  But
to her also he made no reply.  Day after day he gambled, but now he was
not losing his possessions, but was winning them back again.  At last
they were all won, and then Lemichin called a council of his wisest
warriors.  He told them he wished to win the friendship of the Nicolas,
and that he and Lalita would go to their village and take with them a
large number of the herd as a gift.  The next morning they set
out,--Lemichin and Lalita riding ahead and three herd-boys, driving the
greater part of the herd, followed behind.  When they reached the
village of the Nicolas, Lemichin told his mother to wait with the
herd-boys, and dismounting from his pony, he went alone and on foot to
the lodge of the old chief.  Kneeling before the old warrior, he gave
himself up to make reparation for the deed of his father Tserman.

The old chief was very angry at first and called his warriors to bind
Lemichin and kill him.  But Lemichin asked him to let him speak first.
Then he told him how sorry his father had been for what he had done.
How much he wished that the two tribes might become friends, and how
anxious Lalita was to win the love of her father again.  Then he asked
him to accept the herd which he had brought with him.  The old chief
felt his anger fade away when the young man talked, and now, when he
saw what a great gift he had brought with him, he felt that he could
not kill so generous and manly a warrior.  So, taking Lemichin by the
hand, he walked with him to where Lalita sat on her pony.

When she saw her father Lalita uttered a cry of joy.  The old man
fondly embraced his daughter and said:

"My daughter, many moons ago you left your father's lodge and joined
the tribe of our enemies.  But this day your son has proven to me that
our enemies can be brave and generous.  My heart has been lonely all
the summers and winters since you went away.  Come now, you and your
brave son, and live with the old chief so that his heart and his lodge
shall no longer be empty."  And weeping for joy, the old man led Lalita
and Lemichin to his lodge.  Thus friendship between the Nicolas and the
Okanagans was established.

That was many years ago, but yet in the night the wild cry of Sinikielt
answers the cry of the loon, and is echoed from the cliff far out
across the river.




THE STRANGE DREAM

A warrior and his wife once had a beautiful boy, for whom they made
many plans.  But when he grew up, and reached the right age, he would
not consent to the fast.  They wished him to blacken his face with
charcoal, and not to eat anything for three days.  But he threw away
the charcoal, and when they denied him food, he ate birds' eggs and the
heads of fish which had been cast away.

At length one day he came home, and, taking some coals, blackened his
face.  Then he went out of the lodge and lay down on the grass to
sleep.  As he lay there, he had a wonderful dream.  He thought a
beautiful maiden came to him, and said, "Onawataquto, come with me.
Step in my tracks."  He arose and did so, and felt himself mounting up
over the tree-tops, until he reached the sky.

The maiden entered through a small opening, and he followed her.
Looking around, he found himself on a beautiful, grassy plain.  A tall
lodge stood in the distance.  She led him to it, and he saw that it was
divided into two parts.  In one end there were bows, arrows, clubs, and
spears, and other things that belong to a warrior.  In the other end
were strings of colored beads, bright pieces of cloth, and fancy
moccasins, such as belong to a maiden.  On a frame was a broad belt,
beautifully colored, that she was weaving.

"My brother will soon be home," she said, "and I do not wish him to see
you, so come until I hide you."  She put him in a corner and spread the
belt over him.

In a short time the brother returned, and sat down in his end of the
lodge.  He took down his pipe, and began to smoke.  Then, in a little
while, he said, "Sister, when are you going to stop this practice?  Do
you forget that the Greatest of the Spirits has forbidden you to take
the children of the earth?  I know whom you have behind that belt.
Come forth, Onawataquto."

When the young man came forth, he presented him with bows and arrows
and a pipe of red stone.  Now this meant that he was married to the
maiden.

After that the brother used to take him with him over the beautiful
plains, and he found everything very peaceful.  Then he began to notice
that the brother left the lodge each morning, and did not return until
night.   He asked him what he did when he was away.

"Come with me, and I shall show you," said the brother.

So they set off early next morning, and walked on for a long time.  At
last Onawataquto began to feel hungry.

"Wait a few minutes," said the brother, "and I shall show you how I get
food."

When they reached a spot where they could see down to the earth below,
he said, "Now sit down and watch."  And Onawataquto did so.

When he looked down, he could see the earth quite plainly.  In one
village he saw a war party getting ready.  In another he saw them
dancing, and in another, a group of children playing beside a lodge.

"Do you see that beautiful boy down there?" asked the brother.

"Yes," he replied.  Suddenly the brother darted something from his hand
at the child, and he fell senseless.

The parents rushed out and carried him into the lodge, and made great
wailing.  Then they saw people gather around the lodge, and the
medicine man arrived.  He addressed himself to the spirit brother, and
asked him what sacrifice he desired.

"I shall allow the boy to get better if you will make me the sacrifice
of a white dog," answered the brother, through the opening in the sky.

They at once caught a white dog, and killed and roasted it.  The meat
was then put on dishes, which at once floated up to the spirit brother.

"Now eat," he said to Onawataquto.  "This is the way I get all my
meals."

After a while the young man grew tired of the quiet days, and desired
to go back to the earth.  His wife was angry when she heard him say
this, and said she would not let him go.  But after a while she
consented, and said, "You may go; but remember you are not to marry any
of the earth maidens, for at any time I can draw you back here."

Next morning Onawataquto found himself lying on the grass by his
father's lodge, with his face still blackened.  His father and mother
and all his friends were standing near him in glad surprise.  They told
him he had been away a year.

For some days he went around very quietly; then he began to forget his
dream.  After a while he could hardly remember it at all.

In a few months, he married one of the maidens of the tribe.  That
night he went out of his father's lodge, and was never seen again.

It is said that the spirit maiden had drawn him back to her home in the
sky.




BIG CHIEF'S CONQUEST

Once in the long ago there lived a great warrior named Milkanops.  He
lived in a land of high, rocky mountains, and to the far north there
lived a tribe of fierce, warlike Indians who were the enemies of his
tribe.  Many battles were fought between the two tribes, but Milkanops
always won.  At last, one autumn day, they fought from sunrise to
sunset, and although Milkanops won the victory once more, he received
his death wound.  The poisoned arrow pierced his side just as the
battle was won.

His warriors carried him to his lodge and laid him on his couch of
deerskins.

"Send for my son," he told them.  "Send for Aseelkwa."  At once they
brought the young warrior to his father's side.

"My boy," said the dying chief, "I have been called to the happy
hunting ground, and soon my spirit will be wandering with the happy
ones there.  Before I go, I wish to ask one thing of you.  Promise me
that you will not be a warrior as I have been, but will live to be a
great chief, for that is what your name means,--Aseelkwa, Big Chief.
Yonder to the north are enemies, and they will want you to go to war
with them, as I have done many times.  Do not listen to their
challenges, but try to keep peace between the tribes and make your
tribe great and good, rather than strong and warlike."

The young boy, weeping, promised his father to obey his commands, and
not long after, the spirit of Milkanops started on its journey to the
happy hunting ground.

As the months went by the enemies of Aseelkwa made many attempts to
engage in war with him and his tribe, but to all of these challenges he
gave no reply.  A few years went by, and now the young boy was a
full-grown warrior, but he did not call himself one.  To all who spoke
of him as a warrior, he would make answer that he was a chief and would
not engage in battle.  His enemies could not entice him, so they said
he was a coward, and taunted him and said he was afraid to fight them.

One day one of the wise men came to Aseelkwa and said, "Oh, Big Chief,
Hahola, the Rattlesnake, is a traitor.  He has told our enemies that
you are indeed a coward, as they say you are, and they have planned to
attack our camp when the moon has faded to a narrow band in the sky."

"And Hahola, is he going to help them?" asked the chief, in a stern
voice.

"Yes, O Great Chief.  He will let them know when you are fast asleep in
your lodge.  Then, in the darkness, they will surround it and take you
prisoner."

"It is well you have told me," said the chief.  "Now I must fast and
dream and see what I am to do."

So for nine days he fasted and dreamed.  Then, after that time, he
called his medicine men and said, "I have fasted and dreamed, and in my
dreams I saw the spirit of my father Milkanops.  He told me that I must
not fight these enemies, but that I and my tribe must journey to the
far south and there find a new hunting ground."

Early the next morning Aseelkwa and the tribe set out on their journey.
For many days and many nights they travelled.  They crossed rivers and
climbed steep hills, and at length they reached a land where the hills
were lower and greener than their rocky mountains had been.  In front
of them lay a very long, narrow valley with low hills on either side,
and, just behind these, there rose one larger than the others, a tall,
rocky mountain.

"In my dreams," said Aseelkwa, "I saw this long, narrow valley and that
tall hill, and the spirit of my father told me that here we must make
our new camp and hunt in these green hills."

The Indians were glad to know they had reached the end of their
journey, for they were footsore and weary.  Quickly they built their
lodges on the hillside and went forth in search of food.

That night Aseelkwa called his medicine men to go with him to the top
of the high hill, and there hold a council.  He knew that Hahola, the
Rattlesnake, would have told of their departure, and by this time the
northern Indians would be well on their way in pursuit.  Aseelkwa
seated himself at the foot of a tall pine-tree, and the medicine men
placed themselves in a circle around him.  The night was dark, for the
moon was only a narrow band in the sky.  They had made no fire, for
fear their enemies might see it.  Scarcely had Aseelkwa begun to speak
when a slight noise was heard.  It sounded like some loosened stones
falling down the mountain side.  At once every warrior was on his feet
and peering through the darkness.

"Look," said Aseelkwa.  "There at the foot of the hill creeps away
Hahola, the Rattlesnake.  Our enemies are in hiding.  Let us go down to
them."

Down the hill they came, but before they reached the bottom, from
behind every pine-tree and every stone there leaped a warrior, with
fiendish yells.  Out rang the war-whoop of Aseelkwa, and from every
lodge there sprang forth the warriors who had fought for Milkanops, his
father.  Then, in the darkness, there followed a terrible battle.  Many
warriors fell on both sides, struck down with tomahawks.  For some time
it seemed as if the enemy must win.  Then, little by little, Aseelkwa's
army began to drive them back.  At last they had them at the entrance
to the narrow valley, and there was fought the fiercest part of the
battle.  But at last the enemy were forced out of the valley, and once
in the open, they turned and vanished in the darkness.  During this
last fight Aseelkwa had been missing, and now his warriors began to
search for him among the wounded.  At last they found him, and there at
his side lay Hahola, dead.

"Lift me up," said Aseelkwa, "and carry me to the high hill, and there
lay me under the pine-tree."  They did as he commanded, and after they
laid him down he turned to them and spoke in a very weak voice.

"My warriors," he said, "in a few moments my spirit shall have gone to
join that of my fathers in the happy hunting grounds.  I dreamed of
this battle, and everything has been just as I dreamed.  Our enemies
are defeated, and Hahola, the traitor, is dead.  Bury him where he fell
in the valley.  By morning you will find that the Great Spirit has
placed a barrier between you and your enemies, over which they can
never cross.  And remember, my brave warriors, that although I am not
with you, that always shall the spirit of Aseelkwa watch over his
tribe.  You shall fight no more battles, but instead shall cultivate
and make fruitful these hills."

Then he sank back upon the grass, and his spirit passed to the happy
hunting grounds.

The warriors buried him where he lay, and then, as he had commanded
them, buried Hahola in the narrow valley.  When the sun rose next
morning, they knew what Aseelkwa had meant, for where the valley had
been the night before, there now was a long, narrow lake, whose still,
blue waters told nothing of its great depth, for in the centre of this
lake, just where Hahola was buried, there is no bottom to be found.
Then the warriors looked up on the high hill, and again they knew what
Aseelkwa had meant.  For, from the topmost point of the high rock,
Aseelkwa's face, carved in stone, looked down over the lake and valley.
There, calm and serene and peaceful, it still watches over the hills
that have been made fruitful, over the tribe that is always at peace,
and over the lake whose deep, blue waters are always ready to frown on
the canoes of their enemies.




THE RED SWAN

Three brothers, who were hunters, once lived together in a forest.
They were very skilful and always returned well laden from the chase.
One day they all agreed to go hunting.  They were each to kill the
animals that they usually killed, and then see who could get back to
the lodge first and have the game cooked.  So they took their finest
arrows, and off they went.

The youngest brother, whose name was Odjibaa, had not gone far when he
saw a bear.  Now this was one animal that he was not supposed to kill,
but he forgot his bargain and shot it.  Then everything seemed to grow
red, and he heard a queer noise.  He followed it, and as he tramped on,
the noise seemed closer.  At last he came to the edge of the lake and
there, floating on the water, was a beautiful Red Swan.  Every once in
a while it uttered the queer noise he had been hearing.  He shot an
arrow at the bird, but it flew past her.  He shot another and another.
They all fell near her, but she was quite unharmed.  She swam around in
the water, bending her head and arching her neck and not even noticing
Odjibaa.  This made him want her more than ever, so he shot the rest of
his arrows.  Still she was untouched.

Then he remembered that, in his dead father's medicine sack, there were
three magic arrows, so he ran back at once to the lodge and took them.
When he again reached the shore of the lake, he put one in his bow.  He
took good aim and shot.  It came close to the bird.  The second arrow
came closer, and the third went through her neck.  She did not fall
into the water, but rose slowly into the air, and flew away towards the
setting sun, with the arrow still in her neck.

Odjibaa waded into the lake and picked up the two magic arrows which
were floating on the water.  When he reached the shore again, he set
out to follow the Red Swan.  He was a great runner, for when he shot an
arrow ahead of him, he could run so fast that it fell behind him.

So now he ran at his greatest speed.  But the Red Swan was already out
of sight.  On he went through the forest, across streams, and over the
prairie.  At nightfall he reached a town where many Indians lived.  The
chief made him welcome and let him stay the night.  In the morning, he
set out once more, and by night he had reached a second town.  He
stayed there till morning and then continued his race.

By the next night, he had reached a lodge where a magician lived.  The
old man treated him very kindly.  He made him sit down by the fire.
Then he spoke a few words, and a metal pot with legs walked out and
stood by the fire.  He spoke a few more words and put one grain of corn
and one berry into the pot.  At once it became full of porridge.  He
told Odjibaa to eat this, and when he had done so, the pot became full
again.  It continued to do this until Odjibaa had eaten all he could.
Then the magician told the hunter to lie down and rest, and in the
morning he said to him:

"My grandchild, you are in search of the Red Swan.  Be brave and travel
on, and at last you will be successful.  When you near the end, you
will come to a lodge of another magician, and he will tell you what to
do."

Odjibaa thanked the old man, and went once more on his way.

When he had gone some distance, he shot an arrow ahead of him and it
fell behind him, so he knew that he was still going his best.  He went
on for some days and at last saw the lodge of the magician.  This
second old man was as kind as the first and treated him in much the
same way.  He gave him food from a magic kettle exactly like the first,
and then bade him stay the night.  Then in the morning he said to him:

"My grandchild, you are following the Red Swan.  Many a hunter has done
the same and has never returned.  For she is the sister of a great
chief.  He once had a wampum cap which was fastened to his scalp.  One
day some warriors came and told him that the daughter of their chief
was very sick.  She said the only thing that would cure her was this
cap of wampum and that the sight of it would make her better at once.
The chief did not like to lend his cap, for if he took it off, his head
would be bare and bloody.  But he thought again of the sick girl and at
last gave it to the warriors.

"That is many years ago, but they have not returned the cap yet.  They
were cheats and are keeping it to make fun of it.  They carry it from
one village to another to dance around it, and at every mean thing they
say, the old man groans with pain.  Many young men have tried to get it
for him, but all have failed.  He has offered many gifts to the one who
gets it, and even the Red Swan will belong to the successful one.  She
is a very beautiful maiden, and for her many young men have risked
their lives.  You are very brave and will face great dangers.  Go as
you have come, and you will be the one to win the precious wampum."

So Odjibaa travelled for several more days.  At last he saw a lodge,
but before he came up to it he could hear the groans of some one
inside.  Coming up to the door, he knocked, and a voice bade him come
in.  On entering he saw a very old man seated in one corner.  His face
was withered and his head bare and bloody.  He seemed to be in great
pain.

The young man spoke kindly to him and asked him how he lost his scalp.
Then the old man told his story: how the young men had cheated him, and
how they were abusing the scalp now.  Odjibaa looked very sorry, and
when the old man saw this, he began to coax him to try and get it back.
He promised him blankets and many other things that make an Indian
rich.  But he did not mention the Red Swan.  Odjibaa noticed that a
wall divided the lodge into two parts.  He guessed that the Red Swan
was behind the wall, for he thought he heard her dress rustle.  After
he had talked with the old man, and had learned many things about the
unfriendly Indians, he said:

"I shall go in search of the cap.  When you hear the noise of a hawk,
put your head out of the door, so I may put the scalp on you quickly."

Early next morning he set out, and before the day was over had come
near the Indian village.  As he drew near he could hear the sound of
much shouting, and in a few minutes could see hundreds of warriors
dancing and yelling around a pole.  On the top of this pole was the
scalp.  He changed himself into a humming-bird and flew by their heads.
When they heard the soft, humming noise, they said, "What is that?"  He
flew on, until he came near the pole.  Then he changed himself into a
blue butterfly and fluttered up to it.  He took the scalp in his mouth
and lifted it from the pole.  A mighty shout went up from the Indians
when they saw what was happening.  But they could not reach the
butterfly, as it was so high up in the air.  It began to float slowly
away with the scalp.  This was hard work, and the load was almost too
heavy for Odjibaa, but he hung on until he was safe outside the
village.  Then he changed himself into a hawk and flew rapidly away.
When he came near the lodge of the old man, he uttered the cry of the
hawk.  The old man put his head out, and with a great blow Odjibaa
clapped his scalp on.  The old man fell senseless and lay very still
for a long time.

Odjibaa entered the lodge and sat down to wait.  At length the old man
opened his eyes and arose.  But he was no longer an old man.  Instead
there stood a handsome, young warrior.  He reached out his hand to
Odjibaa and said:

"I can never thank you for all you have done for me.  See, you have
given me back my youth and strength.  Now I shall never grow old.  You
must stay and live with me and I shall make you a great chief."
Odjibaa replied:

"No, I must go back to my brothers.  I shall leave early to-morrow
morning."  Then the magician began to get ready a bundle for Odjibaa.
He put blankets, beads, feathers, and paints in it, but he said no word
about the Red Swan, and Odjibaa did not like to ask him.  The next
morning the hunter said good-bye to the magician and prepared to go.

"Wait, my friend," he said, as he opened the door in the wall.  A
beautiful maiden stepped forth.  "This is my sister, Red Swan.  She is
to be yours, as you saved my scalp."

Odjibaa was overjoyed at this.  He thanked the magician again; then
taking the maiden by the hand, they set out for his home.




THE WHISPERING GRASS

Once, many long years ago, there was a green hill covered with long
grass, which whispered and talked as the wind blew through it.  It was
the great friend of all the animals, especially the wild deer, the gray
wolf, and the fox.

One summer day the whispering grass was very excited.  The south wind
had brought strange news to it, and now, as the sun rose up to noonday,
they could see this strange thing for themselves.  It meant great
danger to their friends the animals, and they must send a message to
warn them.  So the grass called to the butterflies, and told them to go
at once to the deer, the wolf, and the fox, and tell them to come to
the green hill.  Away flew the butterflies, and soon the animals had
gathered to hear what this message might mean.

"Listen, my brothers," said the whispering grass.  "There is great
danger for you this day, for across the prairie there comes a band of
hunters to take your lives."

"Hunters?  What are they?" asked the animals.  "We have never heard of
such things."

"They are Indians," returned the grass, "with bows and arrows--deadly
arrows that will pierce your hearts.  These hunters are very near, and
once they see you they will shoot their arrows at you, and that is your
end."

"What must we do?" asked the animals.  "You are wise, whispering grass;
tell us what we may do to save ourselves."

"Go to your homes," answered the grass, "and remain there until sundown
to-morrow.  If all is safe, I shall send my messengers, the
butterflies, to you at that hour to tell you to come to me."

The animals did as they were commanded, and by the time the hunters
reached the foot of the hill, there was nothing living to be seen but
some dainty butterflies that hovered above the grass.  The remainder of
that day and all the next the hunters searched for game in the hills,
but not a deer could they see, not a wolf, not a fox.  In the late
afternoon they returned to their camp at the foot of the hill.  They
were tired and very hungry, for they had not brought food with them, as
they expected to find game.

"Let us return," said one hunter.  "There is no game in this land, and
I am hungry.  Let us go back to our village."

"Not so," said the second hunter.  "Let us wait until to-morrow.
Perhaps to-morrow we shall see game."

"Yes, let us wait until to-morrow," said a third hunter, "and to-night
we shall eat grass.  See, yonder is a hill well covered with grass.  If
the animals eat it, why can not we?"

"But it is whispering grass," said the first hunter, in a low voice.
"And he who eats of whispering grass can no longer kill anything with
his arrows."

"Not so, brother," said the second hunter.  "It is not whispering
grass.  Listen; there is a west wind blowing through it, and yet we can
hear no sound of whispering."

They all listened intently, and as the second hunter had said, there
was no sound of whispering.  The wind was waving the grass blades and
bending them low, and not a sound came from them.

"You are right.  It is not whispering grass," said the first hunter,
"and I am hungry; let us eat."

So they all gathered many handfuls of the green grass, and putting it
into a pot, they boiled it, then gathering around the pot, they ate the
grass with much relish.  Then, rolling themselves in their deerskins,
they fell asleep.

It was now the sunset hour; so, calling the butterflies to it, the
whispering grass gave them a message for the animals.

"Go to your brothers," it said, "and tell them all is safe now; that at
sunrise to-morrow morning they may come forth from their homes and
wander as usual among the hills.  Their enemies, the hunters, will try
to shoot them with their arrows, but they must not be afraid, for now
these arrows can never touch them."

The butterflies flew away quickly and gave the message to the deer, the
wolf, and the fox.

At sunrise the next morning the animals came forth gladly, and they had
not gone far, when they saw the hunters coming towards them.
Remembering the message of their friend, the grass, they did not fear
to remain, and soon saw that the grass had been right.  The hunters
aimed their arrows at them and shot, but every arrow flew through the
air and fell harmlessly at their feet.  All day this strange thing
happened, and at last the hunters, tired and discouraged, went back to
their camp at the foot of the hill.

"My brothers," said the first hunter, "that was indeed whispering grass
which we ate last night.  For see, all day our arrows have failed to
hit their mark, though the game has been many."

"Why did the grass not whisper, then?" asked the second hunter.  "It
deceived us."

"Yes, it deceived us," said the third hunter.  "It kept silence while
we listened, so that we might be tempted to eat of it.  Now we have
lost our power of hunting and shall be laughed at by the other hunters."

"We must fight this whispering grass," said the first hunter.  "Let us
go and pull it up by the roots, so that never again it may be able to
deceive any hunter."

"Let us wait until the moon rises high in the sky," said the second
hunter.  "Then, indeed, we shall uproot the whispering grass and leave
the green hill bare and naked."

The butterflies, who had been hovering near, heard what the Indians
were saying, and now they flew with all speed to the animals and told
them what was going to happen to the whispering grass.

"Oh, my brothers," said the butterflies, "your enemies, the hunters,
have planned to kill the whispering grass to-night.  Can you not save
it?"

"We must save it," said the deer.  "The whispering grass is our friend.
It saved our lives, and now we must save it."  Turning to the fox, the
deer said, "Oh, brother, you are wise and great.  Can you not think of
a plan to save the grass?"

"I am not wise enough for that," said the fox, "but I know one who is
wise.  You, my brothers, remain here, while I run with all speed to the
Dark Hills where the Manitou of the Bright Fire lives.  He is wise and
great, and he will help us."

Saying this, the fox ran at full speed in the direction of a long line
of hills, and it was not long before he reached a small opening which
led down under them.  Entering this, he found himself in a long
passage, at the end of which a red light could be seen.  When he
reached the end of the passage, he found himself in a large, low cave.
In the centre of this cave a bright red fire glowed, and by its light
he could see a dark figure seated on the floor near the fire.  It
turned its face as the fox entered, and he saw the kind face of the
Manitou of the Bright Fire.

"You have come to me for help," said the Manitou, in a deep, soft
voice.  "What is wrong, my brother?"

"Our friend, the whispering grass, is going to be uprooted to-night by
the hunters," said the fox.  "Can you tell us how to save the grass,
for it has been kind and has saved us from these same hunters?"

"My brother," said the Manitou, "do you see these things which look
like dark stones?"  As he said this, he pointed to where a heap of
black objects resembling stones was lying on the floor of the cave.  "I
have gathered these from the bowels of the earth.  Many years ago
Gitche Manitou, the Mighty Spirit, put them there.  He took pieces of
the midnight sky and mixed with each piece a million sunbeams.  Then He
hid these deep in the earth, where man would find them when he needed
light and heat.  I shall place some of these dark stones in my fire,
while you return to your brothers, the wolf and the deer.  Bid them
return with you, and when you again reach my cave these stones shall be
ready for you.  Now go, and waste no time, for you must have everything
ready before the hunters awaken."

The fox needed no second bidding.  Away he went like the wind.  When he
reached the deer and the wolf, he found them anxiously waiting for him.
Quickly giving them the Manitou's message, they all ran back to the
cave.  When they reached it, they found that the Manitou had placed a
number of the dark stones in his fire, and that now they were no longer
dark stones but bright red ones.

"My children," said the Manitou, "take these burning coals and place
them in a circle on the hillside among the whispering grass.  They will
not harm the grass and their heat will not burn you as you journey
back.  But after this, always beware of a glowing fire, for I can give
you my protection this time only."

The animals at once seized as many of the burning coals as they could
carry and raced back to the hill.  The night was dark, as the moon had
not yet risen, and when at length they gained the hillside, they saw
that the hunters still slept.  Obeying the Manitou, they placed the
coals in a circle on the side of the hill, and then hid behind some
trees.

Scarcely had they done this, when the hunters awakened.  At once they
noticed the strange, glowing circle on the hillside.  They rubbed their
eyes and looked again; it was still there, burning and yet having no
flame.  Terrified, they gazed at it, not daring to climb the hillside.
At last one said:

"My brothers, let us return at once to our village.  This whispering
grass must be a great friend of Gitche Manitou, and we have done wrong
to eat of it.  Let us return and warn our brothers."

"You are right, my brother," said the other hunter.  "We will return
and tell of this strange, terrible warning which Gitche Manitou has
sent to us."

So saying, they turned and disappeared rapidly in the darkness, while
the circle on the hillside glowed brightly until the sun rose.  When
daylight came there was nothing to be seen of the coals, but on the
hillside where they had been there was a large, brown circle, which
could be seen quite plainly from the valley.  And there it can be seen
to this day.

On climbing the hill, the circle vanishes, and not a spot of burnt
grass is to be found, but always from the valley below the brown circle
can be seen.  And the animals from that night have been afraid of
glowing fire, for they know the Manitou cannot give his protection
another time.

But he has been their greatest friend ever since that night.  When they
are in any trouble they go at once to the Dark Hills, and, creeping
through the long passage, reach the cave where the bright fire glows.
There they tell the kind Manitou all that makes them sad, and he
comforts them.  In the autumn he tells the deer where to hide in the
hills, so that the hunters cannot kill them.  In the long, cold winter
he tells the hungry gray wolf where to find food, and in the summer he
shows the red fox how to double on his trail so that none may catch
him.  And to all of them he has taught the secret of the glowing fire,
that its brightness means danger, save when they rest beside it in his
cave under the Dark Hills.




THE LEGEND OF MACKINAC ISLAND

Many years ago, a party of wild Ojibwa Indians were resting on the
shore of Lake Huron.  The story-tellers of the tribe were telling many
of their magic tales.  One of them spoke, and said, "A wigwam stands in
the deep.  At the bottom of the lake a big turtle lies asleep in this
wigwam.  Around him swim white fish and trout, and the slow-worm goes
creeping by.  The scream of the sea gull and the shouts of the rovers
do not waken him.  Nothing can disturb his slumber but the magic song."

Then one of the Indians spoke, "Let us sing the magic song.  Let us
waken this big turtle from his long sleep."

So they all began to sing a strange, wild song.  The sound floated out
over the quiet waters of the lake.  Suddenly the waves began to rise
and roll to the shore, although there was no wind blowing.  The centre
of the lake seemed to rise higher; then slowly there appeared above the
waters the curved back of the big turtle called Mishini-Makinak,
toiling up to answer their call.  Then the dragging tail appeared like
a fleshy cape, and the jowl like a headland of dark rock.  The Indians
stood along the shore, staring in frightened surprise, as the monster
arose like an island in the midst of the waves.

As the days went by, the turtle called his children from their silent
homes to come and play around him.  Up the lake and down over the falls
came the dappled trout and the white fish, to play in the silvery tide,
and by night the fairies danced on the rocky cliffs.  For many days the
red men watched eagerly, afraid to go to the magic island, but at last
they paddled their birch-bark canoes across the waves to the pebbly
beach.  From that time Mishini-Makinak was their home.




THE ADVENTURES OF WESAKCHAK

I.  THE WONDERFUL BALL

Wesakchak was once the only person living.  He found himself floating
all alone on the water.  Above him was the sky, and all around and
about stretched water.  He called aloud, but no one answered.  Then he
noticed a little, dark object floating near him.  It was a rat.

"My little brother," said Wesakchak, "we are all alone in this world of
sky and water."

"Yes," said the rat.  "But I am not afraid, for you are with me.  Are
you afraid?"

"No," said Wesakchak, "for the Mighty One will take care of us both.
Do you go below and see if you can find any land."

The rat quickly obeyed Wesakchak and sank down through the water in
search of dry land.  He was gone a long time, and Wesakchak began to
wonder if he were ever coming back.  At last he floated up, but he was
dead, and in his paws there was a little bit of clay.  Wesakchak was
very sorry when he saw that his little comrade was dead.  He took the
clay from the rat's paws and breathed upon it.  Now Wesakchak was
greater than a human being; he was really a spirit.  So when he
breathed upon the clay, it formed itself into a ball and began to grow.
He rolled the ball in his hands, and when it grew a little larger, he
said a few words over it.  At once there came forth a little mouse, who
began running around the ball.  The mouse was just the color of the
earth.  Wesakchak said to it, "Your name shall be The Mouse and you
shall always live amid the people, and your color shall be the color of
the earth." So to this day we find the mouse in the homes of people,
and it always is the same dark gray color.

As the mouse continued running, the ball kept growing.  In a few
minutes Wesakchak said some more words and out ran a little chipmunk.
He began chasing around the ball too, but he could not stay on as well
as the mouse.  He slipped and nearly fell off several times.  Wesakchak
caught him and put him safely on again, but in doing so left the marks
of his fingers on the chipmunk's back.  And there they have remained
ever since, and look like dark brown stripes.

The two little animals kept on running and Wesakchak now brought forth
a red squirrel.  There was a strong wind blowing, and the squirrel
seemed timid.  He would run for a little distance and then sit down.
The wind would catch his bushy tail and blow it up over his head as he
sat there, and so ever afterwards the squirrel curled his tail up when
he sat down.

The ball kept growing larger and larger, and Wesakchak brought forth
one animal after another.  The rabbit, the fox, the wolf, the bear, and
all the rest of them came out as they were called, until at last the
ball was as big as the earth.  Then he called forth the moose, and when
it came and saw miles and miles of prairie, it ran for five miles
without stopping.  To this day the moose, when chased, always runs five
miles before it stops.

When Wesakchak had all the animals on the earth, he gave them all their
homes.  Some were to live in the forests, some among the mountains, and
others were to live on the prairies.  He made little creeks to flow to
divide their feeding-grounds, and they were told not to cross these
water lines.  The water in the creeks was not clean.  It had green
slime floating on the top, and reeds and rushes grew thickly amongst
it.  He made the water this way because he did not wish the animals to
drink it.  Then he made beautiful, clear rivers flow through the land
to be their drinking water.  In the rivers he made fish swim, and
called all the animals who lived on fish to come and live near the
banks of the rivers.  In the trees he told the birds to build their
nests, and soon all the animals and birds were happy and contented in
their homes.

They all loved Wesakchak, for he was so wise and good.  He was kind to
them all and called them his brothers.  He knew the secrets of the
animals: why the moose is ungainly and has no flesh on his bones, why
the rabbit's ears are long and have each a little roll of flesh behind
it, and why the rat has no hair upon its tail.  He understood all the
languages of the animals, and each came to him when it was in trouble.

There was one animal who was very smart and clever.  He was about the
size of the wolf and was called the wolverine.  He had beautiful, soft
fur, long, straight legs, and firm feet.  But he was not liked by the
other animals, for he was very conceited.  He was always talking about
his beautiful fur and his long legs.  He would ask the other animals to
race with him, because he knew he could always win.  Then he would
laugh at them for not being able to run as fast as he could.  He was
always getting into mischief, too, and never seemed happy unless he was
playing a trick on some other animal.  The other animals often came and
told Wesakchak how mean the wolverine was to them.  He would tell them
to try to be patient, and then he would scold the wolverine for being
so unkind.  The wolverine would pretend he was very sorry, but the very
next day he would do some more mean tricks.

One day he came past the wigwam of Wesakchak.  Looking in, he saw that
it was empty, and that the Fire Bag, where Wesakchak always kept his
steel and flint and his pipe and tobacco-pouch, was hanging on the
wall.  The wolverine looked around and saw that no one was near, so he
sneaked in and grabbed the bag.  He ran away through the bush with it
until he came to a tall tamarac tree.  He climbed the tree and hung the
bag on one of the branches.  Then he jumped down and ran away, laughing
to himself at the trick he had played on Wesakchak.

When Wesakchak returned home, it was nearly evening, and he was tired
and hungry.  He looked around for his Fire Bag, for he wished to make a
fire.  The way they got a spark in those days was to strike the steel
and flint together; a spark would fly forth and set the dry bark on
fire.  But Wesakchak could not find his bag.  He looked all over the
wigwam, still he could not find it.  Then he noticed footmarks on the
ground near the door.  Looking closely, he saw whose they were.  "It is
that mischief-maker, the wolverine, who has taken my bag," he said.  "I
shall go in search of it.  And if I meet him, I shall punish him well
for all his mischief-making."  He set forth in search of the precious
bag.  All night he wandered through the forest, but could not find it.
When the morning came, he went back to his wigwam and sat down to think
what he was to do.  "If I had my pipe," he said to himself, "I would
not feel so sad."

As he sat there, he thought he heard a noise like the wolverine behind
his lodge.  Going out quickly, he saw the scamp among the trees.
Wesakchak followed, but could see nothing more of the animal.  He
tramped on until he was tired, then turned homewards again.

As he was passing near a tall tree, he looked up, and there was his
Fire Bag hanging from one of the highest branches.  The tree was smooth
and tall, and as Wesakchak began to climb he found himself slipping
down very often.  Then he would catch hold quickly with his feet and
hands.  After very hard work he succeeded at last in reaching the bag.
Then he slid quickly down the tree.  But when he looked up at it, he
saw that its bark was hanging in torn pieces where he had caught it
with his feet and hands.  So, to this day, the tamarac bark hangs in
tattered shreds to show that Wesakchak once climbed it.

On the way home he heard the wolverine, who was just trying to sneak
away among the bushes.

"Come forth here, brother wolverine," called Wesakchak.  "I want to
talk to you."

The wolverine came out and stood in front of him.  He did not look a
bit sorry for what he had done.

"You are always getting into mischief," said Wesakchak.  "Now, I am
going to punish you for playing so many mean tricks.  After this your
legs will be very short and crooked, and you will not be able to run as
fast as you did before."

As he said this, the wolverine's legs grew short and bent, and with an
angry growl the animal disappeared among the trees.



II.  A WONDERFUL JOURNEY

One day Wesakchak decided to go on a long journey.  He knew that
somewhere, many miles away, there was a village where people lived, and
he made up his mind to go and see them.

The birds all loved Wesakchak, so a great many of them had given him
their feathers to make into a suit.  When it was finished, it was very
beautiful.  The vest was of snow-white feathers from the pigeons'
breasts, the coat, of shining blue ones, given by the bluebirds.  The
leggings were made of black and brown feathers, which the blackbirds
and thrushes had gladly sent to him.  Around his neck and wrists he put
bright yellow feathers, the gift of the canaries.  In his hair he wore
the eagle's feathers, for he was a great chief.

He set off early one morning, and as he travelled on, the birds and
animals whom he passed all spoke to him.  By and by he met a
prairie-chicken.  In those days the prairie-chicken was a pale gray
color.

"Good-morning, brother prairie-chicken," said Wesakchak.  "I have been
hearing strange tales about you.  The animals tell me that you are very
proud of the way that you can startle them."

"But I only remain still in the grass until they come close to me and
then fly up suddenly," replied the prairie-chicken.  "I do not mean to
frighten them, but it is great fun to see them jump."

"That may be so," said Wesakchak.  "But it is not kind of you to fly up
in their faces.  Then I hear that you are so proud of this, that you
call yourself 'Kee-koo,' or the Startsome Bird."

The prairie-chicken did not reply to this, but remained still in the
grass.

"Why do you not fly up in front of me?" asked Wesakchak.  Still the
prairie-chicken did not move or speak.  Suddenly Wesakchak leaned down
and gathered a handful of little stones.

"Start now," he said, as he threw them at the chicken.  The small
pebbles lit on its back and it flew up suddenly.  The stones rolled
off, but their marks remained, and so after that the prairie-chicken
was always speckled.

Wesakchak continued his journey, and late in the afternoon he came to a
creek.  The water of the little stream was not clean enough to wade
through, for green slime floated on the top and reeds grew in its boggy
mud.  It was rather too wide to jump, but Wesakchak decided to make a
running jump and see if he could get across.   He ran back a pace on
the prairie, then forward to the bank, but the prairie-grass was so
long that his feet became entangled, so he went back to start again.
He did this two or three times, and at last had the grass packed down
enough so that he could make a good run.  Then he came forward at a
great speed and made a leap.  But just as he did so, the
prairie-chicken flew up at his feet, and he fell face downwards in the
swampy water.

Wesakchak was very vexed, and he called out to the prairie-chicken,
"This is a mean trick you have played on me, and in punishment you
shall not be able to fly very well after this."  The prairie-chicken
heard him and began to fly towards the forest, but its wings seemed
shorter than they used to be and it fluttered away amid the tall grass.

As Wesakchak waded out through the reeds, each bent before him, making
a path that has remained there ever since.  When he reached the shore,
it look him a long time to clean his beautiful suit, and by the time he
was ready to go on, it was nearly evening.  He was anxious to reach the
village before nightfall, so he hurried on, wishing he could find some
one to take him the rest of the way, for he was feeling tired.

After a time he came in sight of a little lake, and there saw two swans
floating on the water.  He called to them, but they did not seem to
hear, so he jumped into the water and dove down to the bottom.  Then he
came up under the swans and caught each one by the legs.  They flew up
with him hanging to their feet.

"Take me to the village that is built on the river bank," Wesakchak
said to them.  They did not answer, but flew rapidly through the air.

After they had gone some miles, he noticed they were not taking the
right direction.  He called to them and told them to turn to the east,
but they did not reply.  When he saw they were not going to obey, he
hung on tightly by one hand, and reaching up, he caught one swan by the
neck.  He tried to pull its head down so that he could talk to it, but
the harder he pulled, the firmer it held its head up, until at last its
neck was turned into a curve.  He then tried the other swan, but with
no more success, so now both birds had their beautiful, white necks
curved like the letter S.  When Wesakchak saw they would not listen to
him, and that they were taking him in the wrong direction, he let go
his hold of their feet and dropped like a stone through the air.  He
landed on a hollow stump, and with such force that he sank deep into
the soft wood.  Not a sign of him could be seen; he had disappeared
entirely.  After some time two squaws came to get the soft, yellow wood
from the stump.  They use this wood to smoke their buckskins, because
it gives the skin a nice color.  They had brought axes with them to
chop down the stump.  As they began chopping, they heard a noise like
groans coming from within the stump.  They were very frightened and
thought it was a bear.  Just as they were turning to run away Wesakchak
called to them.

"It is no bear," said the first woman.  "It is the wise man, Wesakchak,
who is coming to visit us."

"It is, indeed, he," said the second woman.  "We must chop him out."

So they set to work with their axes, and in a little while had chopped
open the stump and set him free.  They were overjoyed when they saw it
was really Wesakchak whom they had freed, and they took him with them
to the village, where all came forth to welcome him.



III.  THE GRAY GOOSE

Many years ago, when Wesakchak was the only man upon the earth, there
was a being, the Evil Spirit, who did not love him.  This spirit was
very wicked, and when he saw how much the animals loved Wesakchak, he
made up his mind to carry out a cunning scheme, for he wanted to become
the master of the animals himself, and it made him very jealous to see
how they obeyed Wesakchak.

But the North Wind, when it was passing by his wigwam, heard the Evil
Spirit say what he was going to do.  The wind passed on, and when it
came to the birch-tree, it told her.  She told it to her leaves, and
they rustled in the wind, as they listened to the terrible plan.  "Oh,
North Wind," said the birch-tree, "will you carry my leaves to the
wigwam of Wesakchak, and they will tell him of his danger?"  So the
North Wind took the dried leaves of the birch-tree and carried them
many miles, until they reached the wigwam of Wesakchak.  There it
dropped them at his door.

Wesakchak was sitting by the fire, and he heard the rustling leaves.
"Listen!" they said to him, "We have a message for you."  Then they
told him of the terrible plan the North Wind had overheard.  It was in
the spring the Evil Spirit was going to carry out his purpose.

Wesakchak hunted all winter in the forest.  When spring came, he was
near the edge of the woods one day, and as he stepped out into the
prairie, he heard a little rustle at his feet.  He looked down and saw
some leaves of the birch-tree.  "Remember the message we carried to
you, O Master," they said.  Wesakchak answered, "Yes, I remember.  It
is now spring, and I shall go back to my wigwam for my bow and arrows.
Then I shall go in search of the Evil Spirit, my enemy."

The next day Wesakchak left his lodge and travelled over the prairie.
Towards nightfall he reached a low valley.  He saw that the snow was
melting and that some feet of water lay in the valley.  But he did not
stop for this.  He walked on through the water, never resting even when
the darkness descended.  But when the sun rose next morning, he saw
that the plan of the Evil Spirit was being carried out, for all around
him lay water.  The Evil Spirit had melted the snow during the night,
and now every little stream was swollen as big as a river, and the
valley was full of water to the brim.

Wesakchak had to swim, and after he had gone some miles, he began to
feel very tired.  Then the jackfish swam up to him and said, "My
Master, get on my back and I shall take you safely to the land."
Wesakchak at once did as he was told, and the jackfish, who was strong
and a swift swimmer, soon brought him safely to the dry land.

Then Wesakchak went home to his lodge.  It was not far away, and he
could see it rising out of the water like an island, for the land on
which it was built was a tiny hill.  He was very glad to be inside his
wigwam and to sit down beside the fire; but as he looked out through
the open door, he saw the water rising steadily, and knew that by
morning it would be in his lodge, and that he, if no help came, would
be drowned.

Wesakchak was very tired, and as he sat there thinking, he fell asleep,
and he had a strange dream.  He thought Nihka, the wild goose, flew
into the wigwam and around and around near the top, napping her wings
and crying.  She seemed to say, "Give me a message!  Give me a message!
And I shall save you."  Around and around she flew, and at last lighted
in the ashes of the smouldering fire and disappeared.

Then Wesakchak wakened, and as he looked around the wigwam, he knew
that Nihka must have been there, for everything had fallen on the floor
as if struck by her wings, and the floor of the lodge was covered with
ashes.  The fire was out, and in the centre of it lay the quill of a
goose.  Wesakchak picked it up, and saw that a little piece of birch
bark was rolled inside.  He pulled it out, and as he did so, he heard
the honk-honk of a wild goose, and Nihka flew in at the door.

"Write on the birch bark," she said, "and I shall take it to your
friend the beaver."

Wesakchak did as she told him.  He wrote a message on the birch bark
and slipped it in the hollow end of the quill.  As he gave it to Nihka,
he saw that she was no longer white as she had been, but was gray with
the ashes of the fire, and marked with black specks where the cinders
had touched her.  Her breast was still white, and a small patch under
her wings.

Nihka took the quill and flew off at once.  It was not long before
Wesakchak saw the beaver coming to him through the water.  When he came
close, Wesakchak saw that he carried mud in his paws and on his broad,
flat tail.  When he reached the door of the lodge, he put the mud down
and patted it smooth and hard with his tail.  Then he swam away and
brought back more, and this he did until he had made a path across the
water.  Wesakchak had stood watching the beaver as he worked, and now
as it was finished, he said:

"Brother Beaver, this is a wonderful bridge you have made for me.  How
did you learn to do it?  Surely the Great Spirit has taught you this,
to make a path of land in the midst of the water."

"Yes, Master," answered the beaver, "the Great Spirit has taught me how
to do this, that you might escape the wicked snares of your enemy.  If
you cross to the other side, you will be safe."

"Thank you, Brother Beaver," said Wesakchak, "I shall do as you say,"
and stepping out on the mud bridge, he walked safely to dry land.

Then, in memory of this kindness, Wesakchak told the beaver that from
that time he might always build a path across the water to remind his
children of what he had done.  Then, turning to the goose, he told her
that he wished her to wear always her dress of gray and black, so that
the world might not forget her loving service.

Each spring, the Evil Spirit, who is the spring flood, grows wild with
rage, as he remembers how his plan was spoiled, and he tries to waste
the lands of Wesakchak and his children.  But this is always in vain,
for the Evil One can never win.



IV.  LITTLE BROTHER RABBIT

One autumn Wesakchak felt very sad.  All through the summer there had
been no rain.  The prairie grass was burnt brown and dry.  The little
streams had grown smaller and narrower, until at last not a drop of
water was left.  The animals, finding no grass to eat and no water to
drink, had all gone to the far north-west, where the Great River came
down from the mountains.  For they knew that along its banks they would
find grass to eat.  Wesakchak wondered if the Great Spirit were angry
with the people of the plains when He sent them these long, hot days
and nights.  Why did He let the animals go away from them, leaving the
hunters no game to kill?  The little children were crying for food, and
the warriors had grown thin and sad during this summer.  And now the
fever had come, and in the lodges many sick were lying.

Wesakchak felt that he must do something for his people, so he asked
the Great Spirit to show him where the animals lived, so that he might
tell his hunters and save the lives of all in the tribe.  Then
Wesakchak took his canoe and carried it until he came to the Great
River.  Getting in, he paddled for many days and many nights.  He
watched all the time, to see if any game came near the banks, but he
saw no sign of any.

At last, after he had gone many hundreds of miles, he felt so tired
that he knew he must rest.  He drew his canoe up to the side of the
river and made a lodge from the branches of trees.  Here he slept
during the night, and when morning came, he arose quite rested.  Before
he had gone to sleep that night he had noticed that the clouds hung
low, and he had wondered if there would be snow in the morning.  Now,
when he came forth from his lodge, he saw that all the land was white.
During the night a heavy fall of soft snow had come, and all the trees
and the prairie were covered with it.

Wesakchak was greatly pleased, for this was just what he had hoped for.
Now he would be able to see the marks of the animals and trace them to
their homes.  Going down to the river, he was delighted to find the
trail of deer, who had been down for a drink.  There were also the
marks of the other animals, and now Wesakchak made up his mind to
follow these trails and find where the animals were living.  He set
out, and tramped for many miles.  The sun arose and shone on the snow,
making everything a dazzling white.  But Wesakchak did not mind, and
tramped on.  At length he knew he was near the place where the animals
were living.  He took a good look at the trees, so that he could tell
the hunters where to find them.  Then he turned to hurry back, for he
wished to let them know as soon as possible.  He tramped on again for a
long time, but he did not seem to be getting any nearer to the river.
He stopped and looked around.  Everything was glistening white, and
nowhere could he see a river or a tree.  He wondered if he were lost
and what he would do, for he knew that if the sick people did not get
food soon, they would die.  He turned in another direction and
travelled for some time.  Then stopping, he looked around once more.
Again all was glistening white, dazzling his eyes so much that he could
see nothing.  He knew now that he was snowblind, and felt very sad
indeed, for how could he get the news to the hunters in time to save
the sick ones, when he could not find the river and his canoe?  If only
there was something to guide him,--some dark object that he could see;
but everything was a dazzling whiteness.

Just then he noticed a little, brown object in front of him.  As he
looked at it, it hopped a few steps ahead and then stopped.

"Oh, Brother Rabbit," called Wesakchak, "I am so glad to see you.  I
cannot find the river and I want to get back and tell the hunters where
the game is living."

"Let me guide you," said the rabbit.  "Keep watching me, and you can
see my dark fur against the white snow."

As he said this he hopped away, and Wesakchak, looking only at the
little, dark body, was able to follow, till at last they reached the
bank of the river.  The canoe was there, and Wesakchak stepped in at
once, glad that he would now be able to carry the good news to the
warriors and hunters.  Before he paddled away he turned to the rabbit
and said:

"My little Brother Rabbit, you have been very kind to me, indeed, and
through your kindness the lives of our tribe will be saved.  In return
for this your brown fur shall become white as the first snowfall, so
that no one will be able to see your body against the snow.  In this
way you may protect yourself, and people will know how kind the rabbit
was to Wesakchak."

As he spoke, the rabbit's fur suddenly became pure white, and it looked
like a little ball of snow near the bushes.  Wesakchak smiled when he
saw this and said:

"Your enemies will need to have sharp eyes now, little Brother Rabbit,
for you will give them many a long chase over the winter prairies."



V.  THE BALD-HEADED EAGLES

One day Wesakchak was seated at the door of his lodge, when he noticed
two eagles circling high in the air above him.

"Come down, my brothers," he called.  "I wish to speak to you."

The eagles slowly descended, and Wesakchak said, "I wish you to take me
on your backs for a ride.  This is a very warm day and I know it must
be cool high up in the air where you fly."

"But we are going home to our nests," replied the eagles.  "It is on a
very high cliff many miles from here, and you will not care to go
there."

"Yes, I shall," replied Wesakchak.  "I should like to see your nest and
your young eaglets.  Take me on your backs with you."

The eagles did not seem very eager to take him, but Wesakchak, without
waiting for any more words, jumped on their backs, and they began to
mount in the air.  Up and up they went, until at last they were as high
as the clouds.  Wesakchak now began to feel rather cold and asked them
to fly lower, but they gave him no answer.  On and on they went, and
Wesakchak clung tightly to their backs, for he felt very dizzy, being
up so high in the air.  At last he began to wonder where their nest
could be, for he could see no sign of rocks or cliffs of any kind.
After what seemed to be hours to him, the eagles began to descend, and
in a few minutes they alighted on the top of a very high crag.
Wesakchak slipped from their backs and looked around, him.  Near him
was the nest of the eagles, and in it were the young, crying loudly for
food.

Below, Wesakchak could see the ground, which seemed miles away; above
him the clouds, which looked low and stormy.  The eagles fed their
young, and after Wesakchak had waited awhile he said, "Now, my
brothers, please take me to my home."

"You are tired of our cliff?" asked the eagles.  "Well, you must go
home yourself, for we are not going away for some hours."

"Oh, I cannot stay here that long," said Wesakchak.  "Besides, I am
tired and very hungry, and there is nothing here but bare rock.  You
must take me home."

The eagles did not dare to disobey Wesakchak, so they let him mount on
their backs.  Then they began to fly slowly away.  After a while it
seemed to him that they were going in the wrong direction.  He could
see snow-capped mountains, and, as his lodge was built on the prairies,
he said:

"My brothers, you are not taking me to my lodge.  You are going in the
wrong direction.  Turn and fly the other way."  But the eagles, instead
of answering, only flew more rapidly towards the mountains.  Again
Wesakchak called to them and again they did not reply.  He now saw that
they did not intend to take him home, and he began to wonder what he
could do.

In a few moments the eagles slowly circled around the top of a mountain
from whose summit a large piece of ice was just ready to slip.  When
the eagles were directly above the ice, they suddenly turned with a
jerk and hurled Wesakchak from their backs.  Down, down he fell,
alighting on the ice, which at once slipped from its place and began to
descend the mountain side with terrible rapidity.  Wesakchak clung
desperately to the icy block, and felt himself going with it and the
loose pieces of rock and the small trees which it uprooted on its way.
As they came down, the speed became greater, until at last they were
bounding over huge stones and across chasms, and with one terrible leap
Wesakchak flew through the air and alighted on the ground at the foot
of the mountain.  Behind them their pathway down the mountain side was
marked by a deep ravine cut in the rocky sides of the hill.  And around
Wesakchak lay ice and stones and uprooted trees.

He lay perfectly still, for he was rendered insensible with the
terrible force with which he had fallen.  After several hours he opened
his eyes, but was too weak to move.  He could hear the voices of two
wolves near him.  One was saying, "He is dead.  Let us go and eat him,
for I am very hungry."  Then the other wolf answered, "No, he is not
dead, and I think he is Wesakchak, for look, see his suit made of the
feathers of birds.  It is only Wesakchak who has a suit like that."

Wesakchak heard all this, but he could not move or speak.

As he lay there with his eyes open, he noticed two eagles circling high
in the air above him.  This aroused him, and he called to the wolves in
a faint voice, "My brothers, come near to me."  The wolves seemed
surprised, but they came slowly to his side.

"You were arguing a moment ago as to whether I was dead," said
Wesakchak to them.  "Now you can see I am not dead, but I wish you to
pretend to be eating me, for I want those eagles to come down, and if
they think I am dead, they will come so that they can make a meal off
me, too."

The wolves did as he asked them and pretended to be eating him.  When
the eagles saw this, they hovered lower for a moment or two, then
darted down.  Wesakchak was lying with his two arms stretched out at
full length, and now the eagles began to peck at the palms of his
hands.  At once he grabbed them by the feathers on their heads.

"Now I have you," he said.  "You shall be punished for playing such a
trick as this on me."

The eagles pulled desperately to try and get away, and Wesakchak clung
just as desperately to their heads.  At last, with one mighty jerk,
they pulled their heads free, but Wesakchak still held the feathers in
his hands and their heads were bald.

"This shall be your punishment, then," said Wesakchak, very sternly.
"From this day you and all your race shall have no feathers on your
heads, so that every one may know how unkind you have been to
Wesakchak."

And so it has been.  From that day the two eagles and all their
children have been bald-headed.




A BATTLE WITH THE SIOUX

Less than sixty years ago, the vast tracts of land which are now large
cities and cultivated farms were prairie and forest.  Numerous tribes
of Indians camped on these prairies in summer-time, and when the cold
winter came, they sought the shelter of the forest.  Most of these
tribes were very warlike and fought with one another, but sometimes the
white people were attacked by the savages.  The most warlike tribe was
the Sioux, and the white settlers, who were very few in number, were
always on the alert against their attacks.

In June, 1851, a party of three hundred hunters set out on their annual
buffalo hunt.  With them went the grave, kindly-faced missionary, who
had given up his life to work in the western wilds.  They travelled to
the westward, keeping a sharp lookout for Indian tribes, as their route
now lay through the Sioux territory.  After about three weeks' journey
over the prairies, they decided to separate into two bands, as this is
the usual way in buffalo hunting.  But the older men thought this was
not safe, because they would need all their numbers if attacked by the
Indians.  They talked it over for some time, and finally sixty-five
hunters with their wives and children separated from the larger party
and decided to go in a different direction.  Each party was to take the
direction of the Big Hill.

After some time, two scouts came riding back from the larger party to
tell the others that a tribe of Sioux had been seen by them, and to be
very watchful.   The hunters kept a watch, but saw nothing of the
Indians, and at last, after about six days' journey, reached the Big
Hill.  Their chief sent five of the officers to have a look around and
find out the best place to pitch their camp, and also to see if there
were Indians in the neighborhood.  The five men rode to the top of the
small ridge, and from there could see a camp in the distance.  They
could not tell whether it was their friends or the Indians, so they
rode on, and on reaching the top of the higher ridge saw it was a camp
of Sioux Indians.  Instead of going back to warn the hunters, they rode
on, and the Indians, who had sighted them at once, came forward to meet
them.  The Indians appeared very friendly, but while talking to the
officers they closed in, and the men saw that they were prisoners.  Two
of them at once put spurs to their horses and made a dash for liberty.
Before the Indians could stop them, they had escaped, and had ridden
back to the party.

When the missionary and the hunters heard what had happened, they at
once pitched camp and began to fortify it.  They knew they could not
save the prisoners, and decided that it was better to defend themselves
than for all to lose their lives.

They had scarcely begun these preparations when two Sioux Indians rode
up.  They said they had been sent to tell the hunters not to worry
about their companions.  The Indians would not harm them and would
bring them back in safety the next day.  After delivering this message,
the Sioux rode away.  The hunters were not at all reassured, for they
knew the Indians did not speak the truth, and had merely come as spies
to find out how large their camp was.

During the night the hunters continued their preparations.  They
arranged their carts in a circle, putting the shafts of one into the
wheels of the next, so fastening them together.  Then they dug a hole
in the centre of this fortification and in it put the women and
children.   They threw the earth in little mounds, behind which they
could crouch and shoot.  By morning the fortification was complete.
The sentries, who had been watching all night, now gave warning that a
band of Indians was approaching.  Thirty of the hunters mounted and
rode forward to meet them.  Some of the Indians were in advance and
halted when the hunters reached them.  Suddenly a man on horseback came
dashing past.  It was one of the officers who had been made prisoner.

"There is nothing but death for us all," he shouted.  "They are two
thousand strong and intend to massacre every one of us."  But the
hunters did not let this daunt them; they rode up to the chief and
pretended they thought the Indians were friendly.  They gave them a few
presents and asked them to journey back.  But the Indians, who now saw
what an easy victory they could have, would not listen to this.  The
hunters, seeing they meant to fight, turned their horses and galloped
back to the camp.  Scarcely were they within the fortification when the
Indians dashed up.  They had not waited for the main band to overtake
them, but with one fierce yell came on, expecting to overturn the
carts.   But the hunters, crouching behind the little mounds of earth,
aimed and fired.  Every shot was true, and the foremost warriors fell
from their ponies.  The men reloaded and fired, and again the Indians
bit the dust.  Those in the rear now withdrew to the top of the ridge
to wait for the remainder of the band.  Another horseman came dashing
up then, his horse all covered with foam.  It was the fourth prisoner.
His guard had been among the whites, and had allowed him to escape,
firing in the air as the prisoner escaped from the rear of the war
party.  The savages now came in sight, an immense number, confident of
victory because they were so strong.  The missionary said, "My
children, the Indians are very strong and great in number.  But fight
bravely.  You have a Father above who sees this battle.  Trust in Him.
Die if you must, but die bravely."

With fierce yells the savages surrounded the little camp.  They did not
dream that a handful of men behind a barricade of wooden carts could
cause them to retreat after killing the bravest of their warriors.  For
five hours bullets whistled back and forth over the heads of the men
kneeling in the shelter of the carts.  The Indians had begun the battle
confident of victory, but as the time went on and warrior after warrior
was killed, their courage grew faint.  Late in the afternoon they said,
"Let us go back; it is of no use to fight them.  They have a Manitou
with them."

They began to retreat, and by evening all was peaceful where the battle
had been.  But the hunters knew that on the morrow the attack would be
renewed, and so did not let this deceive them.  All through the night
they could hear the hideous yells of the savages.  They decided to
start back in the morning, hoping to meet their friends, for they had
sent two scouts, when the firing began, to tell them of the attack.

They arranged the carts in four rows and divided the hunters into four
parties.  One party was to ride in front of the carts, another at the
back, and the other two on the sides.  Then, if they sighted the
Indians, they were to give the warning by two horsemen riding past each
other on the top of the ridge.

They set out by daylight, and had not gone many miles when they saw two
horsemen ride past each other in their rear.  This was the signal of a
fresh attack.  At once the party was halted; two rows of carts went to
one side, two to the other.  Then the ends were filled in, and the
circle was complete.  They began to dig a hole in the centre and throw
up the mounds of dirt.  The women and children were hidden, and the
hunters with loaded guns went behind their ramparts.  The large band of
Indians advanced.  They were not so numerous as the day previous, but
were quite fierce for the fight.

For five hours the two fought.  At the end of that time the Indian
chief advanced and signalled that the battle was over.  The hunters did
not believe him at first, but suddenly the tribe of Indians with their
horses at full gallop came dashing close to the camp.  They were
yelling fiercely, and discharged their guns into the air as they rode
by.  The noise was most hideous since the battle had begun, and for a
second the hunters were fear-bound.  Then, as they realized that this
was really the end of the fight, their shouts of joy rang out in answer
to the Indians' yells.   The Indians now retreated, and hardly had they
disappeared when the big party of hunters galloped up.  They were
accompanied by two hundred Saultaux who had joined them to help to
drive back the Sioux.  At first they were all going to follow, but
finally they decided they had had enough of fighting and would go on in
search of the buffalo.




[Illustration: Pronouncing Vocabulary - first page]

[Illustration: Pronouncing Vocabulary - second page]











End of Project Gutenberg's Thirty Indian Legends, by Margaret Bemister

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THIRTY INDIAN LEGENDS ***

***** This file should be named 24978.txt or 24978.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/9/7/24978/

Produced by Al Haines

Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.



*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
http://gutenberg.org/license).


Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works

1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.  See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.

1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.

1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.

1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that

- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."

- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
     License.  You must require such a user to return or
     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
     Project Gutenberg-tm works.

- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
     of receipt of the work.

- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.

1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.


Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.


Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at http://pglaf.org

For additional contact information:
     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
     Chief Executive and Director
     gbnewby@pglaf.org


Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit http://pglaf.org

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate


Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.

Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.


Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.


Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

     http://www.gutenberg.org

This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.